DISEASES OF PLANTS. 749 



S/fO, maps 3). — The research here reported comprises a comhined botauical and 

 chemical study of the Australian pines, undertaken to ascertain the extent of 

 the commercial possibilities of these trees. Except where material was unpro- 

 curable, the species of some 12 genera are treated according to the following 

 arrangement: Historical botany of the species; systematic descriptions; the 

 leaves and fruit — economics, anatomy, and chemistry of the oils ; the timber — 

 economics, anatomy, chemistry of its products, and forestry; and the bark — 

 economics, anatomy, and chemistry of its products. The more important results 

 from the research are presented in summarized form. 



From a botanical standiwint, the generic results of the research were greater 

 than the specific results since the peculiarities of structure were found to be 

 quite characteristic of and differing considerably from those of cognate genera. 

 Chemically and economically the results promise to be of great importance and 

 to open new fields for commercial enterprise. 



Seeds and seedlings of the conifers, R. Hickel (Bui. Soc. DcikUoL France, 

 VJll, Xos. 19, PI). 13-115; 20. pp. 13.'i-20.'i, figs. 93). — This comprises systematic 

 descriptions of the seeds and seedlings of coniferous trees. In a number of 

 instances keys have been prepared for the determination of different genera 

 and species by the characteristics of the seeds and seedlings. 



Grafting the chestnut on other Cupuliferae, especially on the oak, Pbunet 

 (Jour. Hoc. Vent. Agr. JIautc-daronne, 20 (1910), So. 21G, pp. .',20- ',2',). —As a 

 result of several years' experimenting, the author concludes that grafting the 

 chestnut on the oak or beech will always remain a botanical curiosity and will 

 prove of no value in combating the ink disease of the chestnut. The planting 

 of resistant varieties such as the Japanese chestnut is pointed out as the best 

 solution for the problem. 



[Experim^ental tappings with mbber], T. B. McClelland (Porto Rico Sta. 

 Rpt. 1910, pp. 39, .'lO, pi. 1). — Some experimental tappings of 7 and S-year-old 

 Castilla rubber trees were made on the station grounds, the herringbone sys- 

 tem being used. One of the largest of the .S-year-old trees tapped on April 15 

 and the wound shaved on April 18 and 20, yielded 40, 18, and 10 gm. of dry 

 rubber for the 3 dates, respectively. Upon examination in August, the incisions 

 made on the tree tapped in April seemed to have widened rather than to have 

 made a successful effort in closing the wound. New incisions between the old 

 scars gave almost no latex, but a good flow was obtained from the other parts 

 of the tree. Since the cuts heal over very slowly, the herringbone system is 

 not considered suitable for Castilla. Fourteen trees averaging 28s in. in girth 

 3 ft. above the base were tapped in August yielding in all 279 gm. of dry rubber 

 from latex and 70 gm. of scrap. The relative amounts of dry rubber bore no 

 relation to the quantity of latex per tree. 



The culture of Hevea. — The planters' manual, P. J. S. Cramer, trans, by 

 E DE WiLDEMAN (La CultuTe de V Hevea. Manuel du Planteur. Amsterdam and 

 Paris, 1911, pp. XXI+132, pis. 25, figs. 23).— A French translation of the 

 author's work, which is previously noted (E. S. R., 25, p. 449). 



DISEASES OF PLANTS. 



Plant disease observations at the experiment station of the Swedish Seed 

 Association at Ultuna, 1910, E. Henning (Sveriges Utsadesfor. Tidskr., 21 

 (1911), Xo. 2, pp. 18-83). — Discussions are given of rust on winter wheat, the 

 appearance of black rust on oats and barley, naked smut of barley, and other 

 plant diseases observed during the summer of 1910. 



Fungi exotici: XII, G. IMassee (Boy. Bot. Gard. Kew, Bui. Misc. Inform., 

 1911, No. 5, pp. 223-226, pi. 1). — Eleven new species of fungi are described from 



