HORTICULTURE. 839 



sules seem to meet the requirements under almost all circumstances for gath- 

 ering and storing pollen and that they are convenient to use. The anthers of 

 the desired parent are selected as near the bursting point as possible and 

 scarped or cut into a capsule. In a few hours the anthers in the capsule burst 

 and when shaken the pollen scatters around and adheres uniformly over the 

 gelatine walls of the capsule from which it can be transferred to the stigma 

 with the usual brush or thin-bladed knife. Pollen thus inclosed retains its 

 vitality for a long time and the capsules may be mailed to distant points with- 

 out trouble. Some difficulty was experienced with the pollen of some of the 

 Cucurbitaceae which seems to be very moist and sticky and does not readily 

 separate from the anthers. 



Relative success of different grafts, J. P. Stewart {Pcnmylvania Sta. 

 Rpt. 1910, p. 270). — The Ordinary whip graft on the limbs has been compared 

 with the side graft on the trunks in a total of over 2,200 cases. The relative 

 success of grafting trees just set as compared with trees established by one 

 season's growth in the oi'chard was also noted. 



The results show a percentage of 67.28 succeeding in case of the whip grafts 

 and 70.63 with the side grafts; 55.65 per cent of the grafts on trees newly 

 plantetl were successful as compared with 69.17 per cent on established trees. 

 Since over half the grafts grew on the newly planted trees it appears to be 

 good orchard practice to top-work the trees when first set and to work over the 

 failures either by budding in August or by grafting in the following spring. 



Frost fighting investigations, P. B. Kennedy {Nevada Sta. Bui. 73^, 

 pp. 21-2 'i). — An account is given of preliminary investigations in the use of 

 orchard heaters, conducted in the spring of 1910, including a record of tem- 

 peratures, notes on the condition of different varieties of apples, methods em- 

 ployetl, and the time of blossoming of the different varieties of apples in 1909 

 and in 1910. 



The district street plantations in Offenbach with special reference to fer- 

 tilizer investigations, G. Biesterfeld and E. Lierke (Deut. Obstbau Ztg., 

 1911, No. 17-18, pp. 271-300, figs. JfS, maps 2).— An account is given of the de- 

 velopment and management of street fruit tree plantings in the district of 

 Offenbach, together with an account of fertilizer experiments which have been 

 conducted with these trees since 1896. These experiments, which are being 

 continued, have shown for the few years which the trees have borne fruit that 

 judicious application of a complete fertilizer will prove profitable. The use 

 of any single nutrient has resulted in a loss. 



Lime-sulphur on peaches, and in summer control of scale on apples, J. P. 

 Stewart (Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1910, p. 268). — In continuation of his studies 

 of lime-sulphur sprays (E. S. R., 23, p. 266), the author has found that sum- 

 mer-strength lime-sulphur applied on June 22 and 30 and on July 11 against 

 the young San Jose scale, which had emerged first about June 18, were thor- 

 oughly effective against the young in all cases and also that each spray very 

 materially reduced the number of adults. No further emergence of young 

 scales was noted and a thorough examination on August 20 failed to reveal any 

 signs of living scales whatever. A similar experiment with an apple tree about 

 8 years of age and badly infested indicates that it is quite possible and prac- 

 ticable to control San Jose scale on apples by summer spraying alone, though 

 2 or more sprays will doubtless be required. 



Some new data regarding the lime-sulphur wash, L. L. Van Slyke (West. 

 N. Y. Hort. Soc. Proc, 56 (1911), pp. 66-72). — A summarized presentation of 

 data previously reported and noted (E. S. R., 24, p. 663), 

 17732°— No. 9—12 4 



