884 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED, 



water containing 0.5 per cent of carbolic acid was added to bring the bonillon 

 back to one-balf of the original volume. The vaccine thus prepared was given 

 subcutaneously in doses of from 1 to 10 cc. ; the results obtained were con 

 sidered good. 



Treatment of tetanus during the period of contraction, J. Camus {Compt. 

 Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 68 {1910), No. 10, pp. J,60-J,63; abs. in ZentU. Biochem. 

 u. Biophys., 10 (1910), Wo. 4, p. 187). — ^Dogs were injected with tetanus toxin 

 and divided into three groups. One group received tetanus antitoxin and guinea 

 pig brain emulsion, a second tetanus antitoxin alone, and the third bi'aiu 

 emulsion alone in the spinal fluid. Those receiving tetanus antitoxin plus brain 

 emulsion recovered but the other two groups did not. 



Final report of the royal commission appointed to inquire into the rela- 

 tions of human and animal tuberculosis (Roy. Com. Tuberculosis, Final Rpt., 

 1911, pt. 1, pp. IV+54)- — The original questions propounded to the commission 

 were the following: "(1) Whether the disease in animals and man is one and 

 the same; (2) whether animals and man can be reciprocally infected with it; 

 (3) under what conditions, if at all, the transmission of the disease from animals 

 to man takes place, and what are the circumstances favorable or unfavorable to 

 such transmission." The animals used in the investigations were cattle, rabbits, 

 guinea pigs, goats, chimpanzees, monkeys, horses, cats, mice, rats, dogs, and 

 birds. The bacilli used for the infection and cultural tests were obtained from 

 the lesions of the natural disease. 



In regard to the first question the commission points out that the human 

 and bovine type of bacilli are morphologically indistinguishable, but are some- 

 what different in regard to their cultural characteristics and their capacity 

 for producing the disease in various species of animals, so that the diagnosis 

 " clearly depends upon the importance which it is permissible to attach to their 

 cultural and pathogenic differences, and this in turn on the fixity or variability 

 of the differences in question." The human type of bacillus was found to 

 produce a fatal tuberculosis in guinea pigs, chimpanzees, and monkeys, but 

 caused only slight and nonprogressive lesions in cattle, goats, and pigs. Guinea 

 pigs, monkeys, and chimpanzees were also liighly susceptible to the bovine type 

 of bacillus, but the type of disease produced by this bacillus was anatomically 

 and histologically identical with that produced by the human type of bacillus. 

 Experiments with the bovine type of bacillus in man were not conducted, but 

 comparisons with cases probably caused by the bovine type of bacillus were 

 made. " Except for the difference in the type of bacillus found in the 2 groups 

 of cases presented [the cases themselves had] similar features; the clinical 

 histories of the patients were alike, the cases all terminated fatally, and the 

 lesions examined after death were found to be anatomically indistinguishable. 

 Man must therefore be added to the list of animals notably susceptible to 

 bovine tubercle bacilli." Attempts to transmute the bovine type into the 

 human type, or vice versa, in most instances failed, from which the commission 

 concludes that it is a very difficult thing to produce such transmutations under 

 ordinary laboratory conditions. There is, however, " an aspect in which tuber- 

 culosis in men and in cattle must unquestionably be pronounced one and the 

 same disea;se. Whether one prefers to regard bovine tuberculosis and the 

 cases of tuberculosis in man which are caused by the human type of bacilli as 

 varieties of the same disease or as independent diseases, there can be no ques- 

 tion that human tuberculosis is in part identical with bovine tuberculosis." No 

 conclusion was drawn in regard to whether avian tuberculosis, when compared 

 with either human or bovine tuberculosis (as caused by their respective bacilli) 

 is the same disease. 



