ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOUV. 08 



and 10 hu. of grasshoppers ostimatod at the rate of :50,000 grasshoppers per 

 hushel. In (iiic instaiK-e on another field siucess was had in using the lioppor- 

 <l()zer witiiout any oil film on the water. The grasshoppers fell into the water, 

 from which they were unahle to escape for several minutes. At the end of each 

 ntund they could he cnllcctcd and jilnccd in a can. after which they were used 

 for ])ouUry food. 



A new book and leather pest, J. Kotinsky (JIairaii. Forester and Ai/r., S 

 (7.006"). .Vo. '/. piK 111. IIS). — ('(itoraniu tiie.ric(nia has heen found in leather 

 u'dods and liool^s in Kuna and on Iho island of Kauai. This ]u'St may host he 

 prevented hy extreme ch-anliness, fretpient dusting and moving of hooks and 

 leatiier go ids. ur if these ]ireventive means fail, resnrt may he had lo I'mniLration 

 with iiisulidiid of carhon. 



Note on the deposition of the eggs and larvae of CEstrus ovis, W. E. 

 Coi.i.i.NGE (Jour. Eeoii. Biol.. 1 ( I'.i'iC). \i). .!. jiit. l.>. 7.0. — Some controversy has 

 prevailed in regard to the (piestion whethei- sheep hotfiies deposit eggs or living 

 Iarva> in the nostrils of the sheep. According to the author's ohservations this 

 depends somewhat on the weather. Wlien conditions are favorahle the fly 

 deposits eggs, hut if the weather is such that the females nuist remain inactive 

 for s(mie days the eggs may hatch within the hody liefore heing dejiosited. 



On the life history of the ox warble flies Hypoderma bovis and H. lineata, 

 A. I). I.MMS {.Jour. Eeoit. Biol.. 1 (1!)06), \o. i, pp. 7-J-,S'.'M. — The hal)its and life 

 liistory of these insects are discussed in detail and a brief bibliography of the 

 snliject is also given. According to the author's observations it is practically 

 impussihle to decide at the present time in favor of any one of the three current 

 theories in regard to the life history of Hypoderma horis. It may be that the 

 larvjp. inunediately after hatching, eat their way throagh the hide and remain in 

 the subcutaneous tissues until they are fully grown. On the other hand, the 

 Iarva> may wander extensively through the tissues of the host, even entering the 

 spinal canal, and may then return to the subcutaneous tissues where they reach 

 maturity. Again the larvie may be taken into the esophagus from which they 

 hore through the tissues and reach the skin. The usual remedies reconnnended 

 foi- these ]>ests are described. 



The role played by biting flies in the spread of trypanosomiasis, .T. D. E. 

 lloi.Mis [.lour. Trop. Vet. Hci., 1 (IDOG) \o. 2, pp. 1 V.)-l?Ji).—T\\Q author calls 

 attention to tlie fact that the idea that flies and other l)iting or blood-sucking 

 insects act as carriers of disease is as old as the art of medicine, and that it is 

 more difficult to reject than to accept it. Evidence is ])resented, however, on the 

 basis of .'1 years' observations and experiments tending to show that the role of 

 lilting insects in the transmission of tryiianosomiasis in horses has been at least 

 greatly exaggerated. During a period of 3 years infected ponies were kept in 

 contact with healthy ponies in a stable where various species of horse flies were 

 very numerous. The author frequently ol)served these flies sucking blood from 

 an infected pony and later attacking healthy ponies. A number of the flie.-; were 

 examined and the horse blood in them was found to contain the organism of the 

 disease. In no case, however, was the disease transmitted from an infected to a 

 healtliy animal. ()thei' evidence along the same line is ]ires(Mited. The author 

 ix'lieves, therefore, that "the theory that biting Hies directly transmit the 

 disease in cases of natural infection looks less probable and less worthy of 

 consideration from a ]ira<-tical standimint." 



The anatomy and physiology of the tsetse fly, F. Stuiilmanx (Pflaiizer, 

 UK).',. .Vov. 2'i. pp. .](J!)-3S.', ; 26, pp. J.S'.j- '//■-)• — The oI)servations of the author 

 were chiefly confined to GlosHina fu-Hca.d. tach i iioides. tind (1. palpali-s. Detailed 

 anatomical descriptions are given of the month parts, salivary glands, alimen- 



