METEOEOLOGY WATER. 113 



(■()iitril)nted by spring flow from that coiilriliulcd l>.v diroct surface run-off. 

 There are many reasons for believing tliat in luuuid regions ' flood flows ' contain 

 hirge percentages of ground water. 



"(G) Tidal fluctuations in wells are vtM-y often produced by a plastic defor- 

 mation due to the loading of the tides, and the occurrence of such fluctuations 

 in wells does not in itself indicate a connection lietween the water-bearing strata 

 and tlie sea. 



"(7) Teiiipei-nture ch;iiiges may produce marked fluctuations (1) by changes 

 in capillary attraction — such fluctuations are perceptible only at the surface of 

 the zone of comiflete saturation, are not transmitted to deeper levels, and vai'y 

 directly with the temperature; (2) by changes in viscosity or rate of flow — 

 fluctuations due to this cause vary inversely with the temperature, and show in 

 deep wells by transmitted pressure." 



The geology and water resources of the eastern portion of the Panhandle 

 of Texas, C. N. (>oui.d {IJ. aS'. Geol. Stirvcy, Water-Siii)pli/ and Irrlg. Paper No. 

 lo'i, pp. li-'h ph. 1,), figs. Jf). — This report summarizes field observations during 

 1903 and 1904 on topography, geology, water resources (underground, springs, 

 streams, also drainage and irrigation) in general and by counties for an area 

 of approximately 10,800 square miles, lying in tlie northeastern part of the 

 Texas Panhandle, and including the counties of Lipscomb, Ochiltree, Hansford. 

 Hutchinson, Koberts, Hemphill, Wheeler, Gray. Carson, Armstrong. Donley, and 

 Collingsworth, each of which is approximately 30 miles square. 



As regards the future of irrigation in the region the report says : " Taking into 

 account the local facts it seems very doubtful if there will ever be any extensive 

 irrig.-ition in the region under discussion. The supply of water is not sufficient 

 for this jiurpo.se except along the larger streams, where the conditions are such 

 that dams can not be constructed. Small streams, springs, artificial ponds, and 

 wells supply water for limited irrigation, sufficient often to raise vegetables and 

 fruit for a family, but not more. As time goes on and the region is more thickly 

 settled, these small plants will increase in number. 



" There is little to warrant the hope that the water supply in the Panhandle 

 will ever increase, and unless some more efficient means than the ordinary wind- 

 null be secured to lift the water from deep wells to the surface it is extremely 

 improbable that anything like extensive works can ever be installed. On the 

 other hand, it is obvious that only a very small part of the available water is 

 now being utilized. It is possible that the future will witness in this region 

 thousands of small pumping plants, each capable of supplying sufficient water to 

 irrigate a garden and an orchard." 



Preliminary report on the geology and underground waters of the Roswell 

 artesian area, New Mexico, C. A. Fisher ( r. <S'. Gcol. >Survey, Water-tiuppJii 

 and Irrig. Paper No. 15S, pp. 29. jils. 9). — The area to which this report relates is 

 located in southeastern New ^Mexico. It comprises about 1,800 square miles 

 lying along Pecos IJiver and extending from a point .5 miles north of Roswell to 

 below the mouth of Seven Rivers. 



In addition to the discussion of the artesian waters, the report includes a brief 

 description of the geology of the sedimentary rocks, their structure, and their 

 relation to the underground waters. The ar(>a of flowing wells is indicated and 

 ■-■ecords of representative wells aiv given, which are intended to illustrate the 

 chai'acter and succession of the water-bearing beds. Information respecting 

 surface waters available for domestic and irrigation purposes and a brief 

 description of the climatic and agricultural features of the region are also given. 



"The climate of the Roswell basin does not differ materially in the prevailing 

 aridity from that of the remainder of southern and eastern New Mexico. The 



