ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 161 



tary soluhio nil niixtnros fivo onsily nppliod. Imt nrp somewhat Ipss efficient tliau 

 lime and sulplmr and cost about 2* times as much. Whale-oil soap was also 

 found to be eflicient. but cost nearly 8 times as much as lime and sulphiu'. 



Comparative experiments with various insecticides for the San Jose scale, 

 S. A. FoitiiKs {Illinois Std. Jiitl. Un\ abs.. pp. J). — A brief suumiary of bulletin 

 107. noted above. 



The cottony maple scale, S. A. .Johnson (Colorado >^l(i. liiil. 1U>. pp. 16, 

 figs. 4)- — Brief notes are given on the distribution, food ])lants, life history, 

 natui'ai enemies, and treatment for this pest. 



Attention is called to the fact that the insect is ordinarily not as injurious 

 in natural forests of maples as upon maple trees planted for shade purposes on 

 lawns .nid along highways. Experiments were made with kerosene emulsion, 

 varying in strength from 5 to 50 per cent, with whale-oil soap, and with a 

 proi)rietary insecticide. It appears from these tests that the cottony maple 

 scale may be controlled by application in winter of kerosene emulsion at a 

 strength of 15 per cent or greater, or by the use of whale-oil soap at the rate 

 of 1 lb. to 1 gal. of water. Under unfavorable conditions it may be necessary 

 to use a slightly greater strength of the insecticides. 



The winged form of phylloxera, H. Faes (Cliron. Agr. Vaud, 18 (1905), No. 

 23, i)p. 5'SO. .T(S'i). — Experiments were undertaken to determine the conditions 

 under which the winged form of this insect appears. When underground forms 

 were collected in warm weather and kept under close observation, winged forms 

 appeared within 5 days. In cold weather the winged forms did not appear at all. 



The farmer's garden and its enemies, W. W^ Fkoggatt (Agr. Gaz. N. 8. 

 Wales, 16 (HKi.'j), Xo. 10, pp. 10.l'i-10J,0. pi. 1, figs. 6 ) .—According to the author 

 too little attention is paid to the insect pests of garden crops. Notes are given 

 on the appearance, habits, and means of combating snails, slugs, centipedes, 

 bollworm, cabbage aphis, potato moth, diamond-back cabbage moth. Plusia 

 r( rticillata. yi/siiis riiiitor. Aulacophora hilaris. etc. 



Fifty years' progress in the practical control of insect and fungus pests 

 of Illinois horticulture, 8. A. Forbes (Trans. III. Hort. iS'oc., n. scr., 39 (1905), 

 pp. 219-227). — Brief historical notes are given on the work of investigators 

 regarding insect and fungus pests in Illinois with special reference to the 

 developments which have been accomplished in insecticides and fungicides. 



The control of insects, fungi, and other pests, G. M. Bentley (Tennessee 

 SUi. Bill.. Vol. X^'III, Xo. -'/, pp. 31-.'i5, pgs. '/). — Suggestions are made regard- 

 ing the ])reparation of the standard insecticides and fungicides and their appli- 

 cation in the control of the more important insect pests and fungus diseases. 



Insects and insecticides, C. P. Gillette (Colorado St a. Bill. 11'/. pp. Jff, 

 flgs. 33). — This l)ulletin is essentially a revision of Bulletin 71 of the station, 

 with additional notes on tlie insect pests of currants and gooseberries (E. S. R., 

 14, p. 169). 



The fumigation of nursery stock, A. F. Burgess (Ohio Dept. Agr., Div. 

 Nurserij and Orchard Insp. Bui. 6, pp. IS, pis. 7). — During the fall of 1904 a 

 series of experiments was made to test the effect of fumigation upon nursery 

 stock. For this jmrpose peach. i)luin. apple. i)ear, cherry, and privet trees were 

 used. The time of exi^osure varied from 40 minutes to 5 hours and the amount 

 ( f cyanid from i to S oz. per 10<) cu. ft. 



From these exi)eriments it appears that fiuiiigatiou is the best known method 

 for treating nursery stock. It destroys all living insects with the exception of 

 the larv:e of borers. It is less effective on the eggs of oyster-shell bark-louse or 

 scurfy scale. Nursery trees and shrubs may be injured if treated with excessive 

 strengtlis of gas, biit no injury was caused by the use of 1 oz. of cyanid per 100 

 eu. ft. for an exposure of 40 minutes. 



