METEOROLOGY WATER. 211 



sIkhIs : (•_') siiowfjill. its distribution, character, and water equivalent, the hist 

 heinK of essential importance; (.'?) forest influences, their character and extent; 

 (4) underflow or ground water, its character and extent; (5) evaporation, its 

 amount. s(\MS()nal distribution, and modification by winds, weather, and tem- 

 ]i('raturc: (d) discharge volumes as affected by all tiie al)ove conditions; (7) 

 (listriiiutioH of river forcc-asts and information." 



Some notes upon the influence of the shelter tent upon tenixDerature and 

 moisture, W. Frkak (rciiiixi/lrdiiiu >S7«. h'pt. I!)l)'), pp. 3'i-3S, ilf/nis. .?). — Data 

 are recorded for observations on temperature inside and outside of a shelter 

 tent used for the growing of Smn.-itra tobacco during the week beginning August 

 .".1. 1!)(>2, and (ui soil moisture inside and outside of the tent during tlie ])eri()d 

 from July 21 to September 11. 



The temperature observations show that during the night the temperature 

 inside and outside of the tent was very nearly the same. At midday, however, 

 the temperature inside the tent was considerably higher than outside on days 

 of bright sunshine, a difference of 18° being observed at 3 p. m. of September 5. 

 The soil moisture determinations showed in general that the soil uuder the 

 shelter was always more moist than that in the open air except some time after 

 heavy rains, the difference amounting on the average to l.G per cent, "corres- 

 ponding to one-eighth of the entire average amount in the unsheltered soil, a 

 difference sutlicicnt to influence plant growth very materi;illy." 



Certain relations of rainfall and temperature to tree growth, II. Gannett 

 {Bui. Amci: (Jeogr. Soc, 38 {1906), No. 7, pp. Ji2.i-'t3Ji ; ahs. i)i Science, n. set:, 

 2Ji {1906), No. 611, p. 3J,.j).—The author " finds that the timber line has a mean 

 annual temperature of approximately 30°, but the data relating to rainfall are 

 more definite and more significant than tliose of temperature. It appears that 

 the lower limit of the yellow i)ine is at or just I)elow 20 in. of rainfall. The 

 lower limit of the red fir is at or about 30 in., and there is apparently no upper 

 limit, the fir being abundant where the rainfall exceeds 100 in. a year. The 

 redwood belt in California includes only one station with a rainfall less than 

 .'!0 in. This seems to show that the isohyetal line of 30 in. is the lower limit of 

 this species." 



Cyclonic storms and Rochester weather, II. L. Fairchild (Proc. Rochester 

 Acad. .S'cJ., 3 {1906), No. 3. pp. 301-316, figs, i?).— This article contains a general 

 discussion of meteorological elements which go to make climate and of the two 

 main types of climate, continental and oceanic, and summarizes observations 

 at Rochester during the last 25 to 30 years on temperature, precipitation, cloudi- 

 ness, winds, etc. The nature and movement of cyclones with special reference 

 to Rochester conditions are also explained. 



Tar smudge, A. M. Thackara {Mo. Consular and Trade Rpls. [U. .S'.], 1906. 

 No. 309, pp. 83, S.'i). — Trials of a patented tar smudge for protection of fruit 

 against frost are briefiy reported. 



Guide to the weather, R. Bornstein (Leitfaden der Wetterkunde. Brun.'<- 

 u-ick: Friedrieh Meirer/ and Son, 1906, 2. ed., iTi: and enl., pp. 230; rer. in Ainer. 

 Jour. Sci., .',. .ST/-., 22 {1906), No. 121, pp. 81, 82). 



Amount of chlorin in rain water, W. P. .Jorissen {Client. Weckbl.,3 {1906), 

 III). 'i2. .'/.?.• til)s. in Chon. Ccnthl.. 1906. I. p. 698; Jour. Cheni. Soc. [London], 90 

 {1906). No. .7,2.7, //, p. .'i86). — "As a result of 92 experiments the author has 

 found that, in certain districts near the North Sea, tlie mean proportion of 

 chlorin in rain water is al)Out 29.0 mg. of chlorin per liter." 



Chlorin in rain water (Agr. Students' Gaz.. n. ser., 13 {1906). No. 1, p. 26). — 

 The r.-iinfall at the agricultural college, Cirencester, for the t! months ended 

 .March 31. 1900, was 13.33 in., falling on 99 days, and contained chlorids equiva- 

 lent to 14.2<; lijs. of common salt per acre; for the 12 months ending on the same 



