242 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



Forestry conditions in Canada, U. Scheck (Ber. Land n. Forstw. AusJande, 

 1906, A'o. 11. pp. 122, iitiip 1). — A popular account is given of the physical fea- 

 tures, agriculture, and forestry conditions of the different provinces of Canada. 



How to grow young trees for forest planting, E. A. Steeling {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Yearbook 1905, pp. 183-192^ pJ. 1, fig. 1). — Directions are given for grow- 

 ing seedling forest trees from seeds planted in the nursery. 



Conifer seedlings should be kept under partial sliade for at least two years 

 before transplanting. A shade made by spacing lath about an inch apart is 

 about right. The lath shade framework should be about 18 inches high and 

 erected as soon as the seed is put in tlie ground. After transplanting at two 

 years of age seedlings will require no further shading. No shade is required 

 for the broad leaf species, but such seeds as the locust, coffee tree, mulberry, 

 and hackberry should be treated with water heated nearly to the boiling point 

 and allowed to soak 4 or .5 days before planting. 



Woodlot thinning, E. E. Bogue (Forestry and Irrig., 12 {1906), No. 8, pp. 

 385-388, fig. 1). — A detailed account is given of the thinning of rxj of an acre 

 of woodland, showing the number and kinds of trees on the land, the number 

 removed, the average diameter, etc. 



The nascent forest of the Miscou beach plain, W. F. Ganong {Bot. Gas., Jf2 

 (1906), No. 2, pp. S1-1U6, figs. I'l). — An account of the forest flora of the island 

 forming the northeastern angle of the Province of New Brunswick. In many 

 respects, it is stated, the vegetation of this beach plain closely resembles that 

 of the sand beaches and dunes of Lake Michigan. 



Sugar pine and western yellow pine in California, A. W. Cooper (V. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Forest Serv. Bui. 69, pp. Ji2, pis. //). — The author discusses the range 

 and distribution of the yellow and sugar pines, the species with which they are 

 associated, various forest types, botanical characteristics of each, and methods 

 of lumbering observed in California. He gives data showing the average num- 

 ber of trees and percentage of each species per acre at the various elevations in 

 two counties of California, the rate of growth, and diameter and height of the 

 trees, with suggestions for conservative methods of lumbering. Data are also 

 given showing the character of the wood and the commercial importance of 

 these trees in the West. 



Yellow pine ranges from centi*al British Columbia, east to the Black Hills, and 

 south to Arizona and New Mexico, while sugar pine is limited to small portions 

 of the Pacific mountains. The sugar pine is one of the most intolerant trees of 

 the Sierra conifers. In its early growth, however, it is shade demanding, and 

 may be stunted or even killed in full light. Tests indicate that not more than 

 25 per cent of the seed is germinable. The matured trees are very resistant to 

 fires, being rarely killed. 



Yellow pine can stand much more drought than sugar pine and is less demand- 

 ing as regards soils. During early life it grows much more rapidly in both 

 height and diameter than sugar pine, but at the age of 100 years is surpassed by 

 the sugar pine, which attains to a greater height and diameter. 



Sugar pine closely approaches eastern white pine in its physical characteris- 

 tics and is used for practically the same purposes. The yellow pine is consid- 

 erably heavier than sugar pine and proportionately stronger. In 1904, 289.000,- 

 000 ft. of yellow pine was lumbered in California and 128,000,000 ft. of sugar 

 pine. Under present methods of lumbering but few companies cut trees under 

 a diameter of 24 in. on the stump. The average cost of getting the logs to mill 

 i& placed at .fS per thousand, and it is estimated that few companies can place 

 lumber on railroad tracks for less than .$14 per thousand. 



The general conclusion is drawn that conservative management of the sugar 

 and yellow pine forests of California is practicable, and that the greatest ob- 



