FORESTEY. 243 



stacle to securing a future crop of timber is fire. It is bi'lievod, however, that 

 effective fire protection is possible at a reasonable cost. 



Waste in logging southern yellow pine, .7. G. Peters ([/. <S'. Dept. Agr. 

 Yearbook IDO-l, pp. .}.s'J-.'/.'^'/). — The author reports the results of an investigation 

 of the waste in logging southern yellow pine when the timber is owned by one 

 man but sold to and lumbered by another on a stumpage basis. The results of 

 the investigations a])ply particularly to Mississii)pi, Louisiana, and Texas, where 

 the cost of producing lumber is placed at Jj^S a thousand. 



An examination was made of S cuttings. About G per cent of the trees left 

 standing were found to be part merchantable culls. Of the trees which should 

 have been left standing for future crops, about 25 per cent were broken down 

 or otherwise destroyed by careless logging. The amount of waste in the top 

 logs, where 10 feet is assumed to be the shortest merchantable log length, was 

 (iGT feet per acre, and where 12 feet is thus assumed, 902 per acre, the market 

 value of which was $9.92 per 1,000 feet. 



The waste in cutting sound stumps high was found to be 218 board feet per 

 acre, or 1.85 per cent of the total yield. The losses also in the use of sound 

 timber for skid poles, corduroys, liridge timber, etc., was estimated and found 

 to be considerable. Kules are suggested for the prevention of waste in logging 

 yellow pine. 



Notes on the Benguet pine, \V. M. Maule (Forestry and Irrlg., 12 {1906), 

 A'o. <s', pp. .i.')o-.i')'.K I'ujx. .')). — A description of the Benguet pine {Pinus lii-siilaris) 

 is given, with an account of its occurrence, growth, and character. It is one 

 of the two principal species of pines native to the Philippines. A table is 

 given showing the diameter growth of trees from 37 to 145 years old. This 

 varies from. 15 to 34 inches. 



Ornamental and shade trees, P. B. Kennedy (Nevada Sta. Bui. 61, pp. 61, 

 fli/s. 27). — Popular directions are given for the culture of shade trees in Nevada, 

 with brief descriptions of a large number of trees and shrubs. 



Prolonging the life of telephone poles, II. Grinnell (['. »S'. Dept. Agr. Year- 

 Jxjolc llKi.j, pp. .'i.j.j-'id'f. pi. 1. flf/x. .'i). — The author estimates that there is in 

 operation at the i)resent time in the United States 800,000 miles of pole lines 

 and that the average length of life of untreated poles is 12 years. For the 

 maintenance of the present lines over 2,050.000 poles are required annually. 

 The length of life of poles may be considerably increased by treating with pre- 

 servatives. 



An account is giveii of a number of experiments under way by the Forest 

 Service to determine the best methods of treatment, cost, and the increased length 

 of life due to the treatment. The cost of a green pole at the setting hole is 

 estimated at $5. If preservatives are applied to the outside of the pole be- 

 tween 2 feet and 8 feet from the butt the cost is placed at .$5.40 and the in- 

 creased length of service of the pole 4 years. If the butts are soaked in tanks 

 for a distance of 8 feet the cost at the setting hole is ])laced at $5.05 and the 

 increased length of service over untreated poles is about 8 years. In other 

 words, the annual cost for a green poh' is .53.28 cents, of a pole treated by the 

 lirst method noted above 46.34 cents, and by the second method 41.57 cents. 



An attempt was made to force preservatives into the butts of poles, but owing 

 to the presence of sea'joning checks the penetration was not uniform and this 

 method was discarded. 



Memorandum on mechanical tests of some Indian timbers, W. H. Everett 

 iCalciitta : (Jort.. ]!)(i6. pji. 7). — Tal)ulatcd data are given showing the results 

 of mechanical tests of about 100 ])ieces of wood, representing many different 

 species of ti'ees. The data cover shearing strength, crushing strength, bending 

 strength, and stiffness. 



