ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 251 



served in nmisuiil ahnndnnct'. I'articulnr atlciition was given to the study of 

 the San Jose scale, cutworms, army worms, and various other iiests, as well 

 as to fumigation of groonhouses. The authors state that the gipsy moth is now 

 spreading i-apidly ovci' the State. 



Fifth report of the State entomologist and plant pathologist of Virginia, 

 J. L. Phili.u's {Ri)t. Vit. Htnte Eiit. and Plant Paih., ■'> (j!)(tj,-r>), /j/>. ,s,s. fifjs. 

 IJf). — In this report an account is given of the work in controlling the San Jose 

 scale in Virginia in the years 1903-1905. The organization and scope of the 

 work is deserihed with notes on nursery and orchard inspection. In growing 

 nursery stock free from San Jose scale it is recommended that a site be selected 

 as little infested as possible with no orchards near- the intended mirsery. All 

 stock should tluMi be fumigated and after the first winter should be treated 

 twice annually with lime and sulpinu' w.-ish. 



An accoiuit is [^resented of the present status of nursery and orchard ins]iec- 

 tion in Virginia, with a description of fumigation methods and their effective- 

 ness as applied under different conditions for the desiructon of San Jose scale, 

 scurf.v scale, and other i)ests. The action of hydrocyanic acid on nursery stock 

 was also studied, with the result that this appeared not to be a serious matter 

 under ordinary conditions. The only conuuon causes of unsatisfactory results 

 in fumigating nursery stock are the use of adulterated potassium cyanid and 

 the practice of fumigation during midwinter when the scale insects are least 

 susceptible to fumigation. 



Detailed directions are given on the preparation and effectiveness of lime- 

 sulphur wash made according to different formulas and .various other insecti- 

 cide preparations. 



Report of the entomological division, W. R. Dewar {Orange Rirer Colony 

 Dcpt. .{(/)■.. Ann. Rpt.. I (lf)ii',-r,). jip. i,s\3-2.3S. figs. ,S').— The organization and 

 work of the division of entomology are briefly outlined with notes on the routine 

 work. 



Particular attention is being given at present to the control of locusts by 

 means of arsenical solutions and by other methods, as well as to the distribu- 

 tion of lad.vbirds, control of noxious weeds, and study of various miscellaneous 

 insects, including ticks, Bagrada hilaris, cabbage aphis, diamond-back moth, 

 potato moth, bean weevils, boll weevil, grain aphis, red scale, and other scale 

 insects. 



A brief report is made by C. N. .Tohnston on the birds of Orange River Colony 

 in their relation to agriculture. 



Farm practice in the control of field-crop insects, F. M. Webster ( U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Yearbook 100'), pp. .'fGo-J/TG, plx. 2, figs. 2). — In order to control the 

 insects which attack field crops it is necessary that the farmer shoidd have a 

 practical knowledge of the liabits of these posts. The best results ai-e obtained 

 by the use of a suitable system of crop rotation combined with thorough plowing 

 at seasons when the insects would be most injured by such operations, good 

 tillage, occasional summer fallowing, and the destruction of weeds and all un- 

 necessary vegetation in which insects may breed. 



Proliferation as a factor in the natural control of the Mexican cotton 

 boll weevil, W. E. IIinus (( . »S'. Dcpt. Agr., Bin: Rut. Bui. 59, pp. '/■T, pis. G).— 

 In the study of the cotton boll weevil by the Bureau of Entomology, attention 

 is given to all details which may in any way bear upon the control of this pest. 

 In 1902 it was noted that the cotton plant has a tendency to protect itself by 

 proliferation of cells at the point of injury by the cotton boll weevil in the 

 squares or bolls. A thorough study of this phenomenon has been carried on to 

 date and statistics collected bearing on the problem of the effectiveness of this 

 tendency of the plant in controlling the pest 



