VETERINARY MEDICINE. 279 



1111(1 (■nttlo tli.it llic results olitniiicd in tlic study of one species may )»e applied 

 lo the otlier. 



Tuberculosis among dairy cows, ^^■. 1.. Luii.k (.loitr. Coitijtitr. I'alli. inid 

 Thcr., 1!) (10(H)). Xo. 1, /ip. '/,S-.70). — ("ircunistauees are related with re,i?ard to 

 the unusual ijrevalence of tuberculosis in a herd of -^0 cows the owner of which 

 appeared to take i^rent pains in carini,' for and feeding animals and in keeping 

 the stables and cows in a cleanly coiulition. 'IMie cows were fed a generous 

 and suitable ration, the stables were well built, witli good drainage and con- 

 crete floors, and sand bedding was used and changed daily. (Jood ventilation 

 was also provided. Nevertheless the disease prevailed to sudi an extent that 

 the owner felt compelled to go out of the business. The i)revalence of the 

 disease is supposed to' have been due to the fact that the cows were kept con- 

 Hned for about (5 months of the year and that the calves were allowed to suck 

 the cows without regard to whctlici' tlicy were tuberculons or nut. 



The spread of tuberculosis by means of male animals from the stand- 

 point of the breeder, Ukutior {Berlin. Ticrarztl. WchnscJir., 19011, No. 10, pp. 

 U19-113). — It is frequently asserted that tuberculosis may be transmitted by 

 male animals to offspring directly, through the agency of the mother animal or 

 by means of a susceptibility to tuberculosis. The literature^ relating to this sub- 

 ject is critically reviewed. 



The author concludes that male animals are not capable of transmitting tuber- 

 culosis to offspring except jiossibly in an indirect manner by first infecting the 

 mother animal. The heretlitary transmission of the tendency to tuberculosis 

 is considered as of very rare occurrence. 



Pleural and peritoneal tuberculosis in cattle, ,T. F. Heymans {Arch. Inter- 

 nut. J'Jiariiiucod. ct Ther., 1) {1003)', No. 5-6, pp. 375-387, pi. 1). — One of the 

 most im])urtant features in the study of tuberculosis is the determination of the 

 character and growth of tubercles found in cases of this disease. The author 

 gave particular attention to the tubercles found on the pleura and peritoneum 

 of cattle. These tubercles were studied not only to determine their microscopic 

 character but also their virulence. 



It ap])ears from this study that a considerable j)ortion of the pathological 

 alterations on the serous membranes in the cases of bovine tuberculosis are not 

 tubercles, or agglomerations of more or less detached tubercles, but simply in- 

 flammatory conditions which are at first progressive and later regressive. 

 These iniianimatory areas are due to irritating substances w^hich come from 

 neighlioring tubercles. The virulence of the true tubercles is also found to vary 

 greatly. In many cases it w'as impossible to obtain any virulent tubercle 

 bacilli from them. 



Failures in the tuberculin test on cattle, A. Carini {Arch. ir/.s'.s\ ii. Pralct. 

 TicrJieiUc, 32 {lOOG), No. 6, pp. 5()2-573). — Tlie special purpose of this article is 

 to i)resent a sunnnary of the author's investigations regarding the reliability 

 of the tuberculin test. As a result of numerous experiments the author comes 

 to the conclusion that the percentage of failure in tuberculin tests is esti- 

 mated too low by most writers on this subject. According to the author's ex- 

 jierienee failure may be expected in about 17 per cent of cases, even where the 

 greatest care and precaution are exercised. 



Vaccination against tuberculosis of young ruminants in the alimentary 

 tract, A. ARLoixf! {Coinpt. Rend. Acad. >Sci. [Pari.s], 1J,2 {190(i), 'No. 26, pp. 

 1.'iS7-l-'iiS!i). — As a result of investigation along this line the author comes to 

 the conclusion that an active innnunity toward tuberculosis may be produced 

 in young ruminants by feeding them cultures of either human or bovine tubercle 

 bacilli after these organisms have been properly attenuated. There appears to 



