340 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



on the stem analyses of over 400 chestnut trees grown in Connection L showing 

 the volume in cubic feet and cords of trees of different diameters, and the 

 application of volume tables in estimating the yield of stands are given. 



The uses of chestnut for fuel, ties, piles, telegraph and telephone poles, and 

 lumber are discussed, and data given on the relative profits in growing and hand- 

 ling each of these. The cost of cutting, logging, and sawing chestnut lumber 

 is placed at between $5 and $6.25 a thousand ; of cutting, logging, and sawing 

 ties 15 cts. each ; and of hewing ties 10 cts. each. For cutting and peeling 

 piles and poles the cost is usually 1 ct. a linear foot, while the cost of hauling 

 ;> miles varies from 30 to 40 cts. in the case of a 25 ft. pole, to .f.j with a 65 ft. 

 pole. Cordwood costs 90 cts. to $1.25 a cord for cutting, and from $1.50 to $2 

 a cord for hauling G miles. 



As to the relative profits of the different forms of timber it is stated that 

 straight trees pay best when cut into poles and lumber pays better than ties or 

 cordwood. Tables are given showing the average height and diameter of sprouts 

 and seedlings of various ages from 20 to 108 years old. The increase in volume 

 of trees varying from 3 to 31 in. in diameter is also shown in tabular form, 

 as well as the average and minimum length of time required for a chestnut 

 tree to produce various numbers of ties. 



Relative to the time of cutting the chestnut, the author states that if for 

 fuel alone the trees may be cut when they are 20 in. in diameter. If sound and 

 straight enough for poles they may be profitably left until 25 in. in diameter. 

 A chestnut forest should not be left standing nuich longer as this is the age 

 at which it reaches its main height growth ; it is likely to be attacked by rots 

 and deteriorate if left longer. A table is given showing that both sprouts 

 and seedlings have a larger proportion of diseases as the.v reach 20 in. and 

 above than before this time. 



The sprouting ability of chestnuts seems to be equally good all over the 

 state and to be undiminished through a number of generations. Some data 

 are given showing the value to railroad and other companies, requiring a con- 

 tinuous supply of timber, in establishing permanent foi-ests in Connecticut. 



The improved chestnut in lower Austria, E. Bohmerle (Ceiitbl. Gesam. 

 Fori^tiv., 32 (1906). .A'o.s-. 7, pi'. 289-301!: S-9. pp. 355-367. fl(is. J/). — An account 

 is given of the growth in many different locations of the cultivated chestnut. 

 Statistics showing the diameter measure breast high of stands of different 

 ages, the use of the wood for conniiercial purjioses, and its characteristics 

 green and dry are also considered. 



Bassia latifolia gum, P. Shankernatii {hnlUni Forester. 32 (1906). Is'o. 8, 

 pp. 399-1(02) . — Analyses of the gum of iNIohwa trees indicated that it might 

 be of value as a substitute for Balata, as it has very similar composition 

 and properties. Tapping experiments, however, showed that the amount of 

 gum which can be obtained from the trees is too small to make the working 

 of such trees practicable. It required about 20 mature Mohwa trees to yield 

 1 lb. of this substitute for gutta-percha. The text contains analyses of 3 

 samples of the gum. 



Practical arboriculture, .1. P. Brown (ConncrsrUJc. In<J.: Author. 1900. pp. 

 Jf60, i)ls. 58, ftf/s. 82). — This book is made up of a collection of short articles 

 dealing with the various phases of forestry, such as the infiuence of forests on 

 climates and floods, the planting and care of trees, and the uses of wood for 

 the various purposes of manufacturing, lumber, railroad ties, telegraph poles, 

 wood pulp, etc. The work is of value in calling attention to the importance of 

 forestry, but is in no sense a systematic ti'eatise on the subject. 



Forest mensuration, H. S. Graves CNew York: John Wiley iG Sous; Lon- 



