FORESTRY. 341 



(h)ii: cjitiiniKiii tC- HaU, Ltd., JD06, pp. A 7 r + J.^N, /ii/s. .',.',). — This is designed 

 as a lext-boolv lor tli(» use of students in forestry and as a reference booli for 

 practical foresters and luiulx'rnien. It gives detailed directions for scaling 

 and measuring tiniiicr with (l('scri]>tions of log rules and instruments used in 

 determining the height of trees. Otiicr maltci-s, su<-h as volume tahh's. form 

 factors, contents of stanils, age and growth of trees, yield tal>les, legislation 

 regarding the measurem(>nt of logs, etc.. are also included. 



Report of the forest seed-testing station at Eberswalde, Sciiwappacii 

 (Zt.sclir. Forst ii. ,/(i(/<1ir., J,S (I'.UHl). Xo. S. pp. .J0.7-.W.7, ////. /). — A general re- 

 port is given on the sei'd-testing work of the station dui-ing :! years, 1!)().'> to 



i90t;. 



In the testing of seed of a large numher of species of forest trees the germi- 

 nation was considerably more rai)id and comi)Iete in light than in darkness. 



Experiments were made in testing the germination of seeds from trees vary- 

 ing from 20 to 150 years old. The average percentage germination of seed 

 from trees 20 to 40 years old was Ti); with trees 80 to 100 years old, 00; 

 with 2 stands of trees 140 years old, »;0, and with 1 stand I.IO years old, 90. 

 The heaviest seeds were obtained from the oldest trees. 



In the test of light v. dark-colored seeds, the dark-colored seeds gave much 

 the better gernunation. A test was also made of the germination of seed stored 

 for difi'erent periods but without conclusive results. 



Forest seed analyses and , control, A. Fron (An)i. Sci. Af/ruii., 2. scr., 10 

 (1D0.5), II, Xo. 3, pp. 332-J,35, figs. 7; 3. scr., 11 {1906), I, No. 1, pp. 133-153, 

 fjf/s. ;?.i). — The author treats of the work don(> in foreign countries in the con- 

 trol and analyses of forest seeds. 



The various stations having this work in charge are described and the aver- 

 age n-sults secured with a large number of forest seeds relative to maximum, 

 minimum, and average germination, percentage of purity, etc., are brought 

 together. The technique observed in analyzing and testing the seeds is given 

 with c(msiderable detail and suggestions offered regarding standards which 

 should be observed in making the tests for purity, germination, etc. 



The hardness of woods, (J. Janka (Die Hdrte des Holzes. Vicuiid : W. Frick, 

 liioa, pp. 32, fins. 7). — This is a report issued by the forestrj^ experiment station 

 in Mariabrunn, and shows tlie relative hardness of a large number of different 

 woods when dried and when saturated with water, and in some cases when 

 impregnated witli oil. The hardness was determined by pressing into the wood 

 either radially or longitudinally a small iron ball or half-ball. In some 

 instances an iron wedge, a cube, or an ax was inserted. Extensive tables are 

 given showing the results obtained. 



Generally speaking the results show that when the tests were made hmgi- 

 tudinally the wood was about 30 per cent more dillicult of penetration in the 

 case of conifers and 20 per cent more dillicult in the case of broad-leaf species 

 than when a radial pressure was ai)plied. Wood which has grown rapidly, as 

 shown by the widths of the animal rings, is less hard than that which is grown 

 more slowly. Likewise, any increase in the sjiecific gravit.v of wood is followed 

 b.v an increase in its hardness. 



Soaking the wood for 7 months so that it became saturated with water re- 

 sulted in reducing its hardness in the case of conifers about 50 per cent and in 

 the case of broad-leaf trees 3.5 per cent. Saturation with oil also decreases the 

 hardness of the wood. It was found that the ax penetrated wood in a slanting 

 manner about 35 per cent easier when the wood was moist than when air-dried. 



Forest fires, \. Akerman (Mass. Forest Scrv. Bui. 5, pp. 2.'/). — The in.juries 

 resulting to forests from tires are discussed, and estimates given of the annual 



