VETERINARY MEDITINE. 377 



are ivliiined in the mesenteric g.-uif^lia in youn.s; animals and remain in these 

 ganji^lia sunictiincs for years, tlie lesions nllinialel\- liealini^. In adnlt aninuils, 

 on the otlier iiand. Ilic dclcnsive action of llic .^an^dia is less active and the 

 tubercle bacilli are carried more readily into tlie .i,'''nei'al circidation, thns reach- 

 ing the lungs. So-called primary pulmonary tuberculosis of tlie adult is, there- 

 fore, most often of Intestinal origin. 



Intestinal origin of ijulmonary tuberculosis, III, .V. Calmette and C. 

 GuliRiN {Ann. In>it. rastciir, III (I'.UHi). \n. s. pii. GOD-HI',).— An elaborate re- 

 view is presentetl of the literature relating to this subject, particular attention 

 being given to an examination of the evidence presented in favor of assuming 

 inhalation as one of the chief sources of tuberculosis. The authors believe, as 

 a result of tlu'ir studies and direct exi)eriments, that in tlu- innnense majority 

 of cases the pulmonary or pleural localization of tuberculous lesions is due to 

 tubercle bacilli carried to the point in question in leucocytes and introduced 

 primarily into the alimentary tract. It is believed, therefore, that animals and 

 man could be practically protected against tuberculosis if the food and water in 

 all instances could be so sterilized as not to contain any tubercle bacilli. In the 

 authors' experience a single intestinal infection with tubercle bacilli produces a 

 mild form of the disease, during which the animal reacts to tubercidin for a 

 period of 1 to 2 months, but frequently recovers, to all appearances, after such 

 a period. In these cases the authors have established beyond question that 

 the animals had recovered and that the animals were insusceptible to the disease. 



On the other hand, in all cases where a repeated intestinal infection took place, 

 especially if the different infections followed one another at short intervals, 

 the tuberculous lesions developed rapidly and never healed. In the authors' 

 opinion these facts explained the frequently observed presence of healed tu- 

 bercles in man and animals. 



The experimental production of transmissible varieties of tubercle bacilli, 

 S. Akloing {Coinpt. Rend. Acad. Nc/. [Paris]. IJ/I {JUdi;). \o. 2o. pp. l.i!)r>- 

 1391). — The possibility of modifying the virulence of the tubercle bacillus has 

 long been known, but some dilliculty has been experienced in securing a 

 race of the bacilli which would show a low virulence and retain it when 

 transferred from one culture to another. The author states that he has suc- 

 ceeded by means of the use of heat in obtaining a culture of tubercle bacilli 

 of such low virulence that the bacilli produce no true infection, but are ab- 

 soi-bed and exercise merelj' a vaccinating efCect. The author has also succeeded 

 in making frequent transfers of these bacilli from one culture to another 

 without altering their virulence. The race of bacilli with which the autlior 

 has experimented has, therefore, become for practical purposes a vaccine 

 withcmt the power of producing infection. 



Fat-free tubercle bacilli, II. Vallee {Compt. Rend. 8oc. Biol. [Paris], 60 

 (I'.WC)). \i>. IL pp. 1().>()-1022). — According to the author's experiments tubercle 

 bacilli retainetl all of their toxic products after being deprived of their fat 

 content. This point was tested by inoculation of calves, horses, and other 

 animals. 



Tuberculosis as a cause of condemnation of food animals, Reuter 

 {Vrtlschr. Bayer. Landw. Rath.. II (1906), No 2, 8up., pp. 542-557.— Con- 

 demnation of food animals on account of tuberculosis, according to German 

 law, requires the determination of the facts that the animal was intended for 

 food and is affected with tuberculosis to such an extent that more than half of 

 the animal is totally unfit for food or can only be used for food after being 

 treated. The author discusses the legal and sanitar.v difficulties which have 

 arisen in this connection and considers that a new definition is required of 

 the stage of tuberculosis which necessitates coudemnatiou of the uuimul. 



