VETERINARY MEDICINE. 379 



tuberculosis, E. C. Schroeder and J. K. Mohler (f. »S'. Dcpi. Afjr., Bur, Aniin. 

 /ndiis. Bill. S8. 1)1). -7/).— On account of the prevalence of tuberculosis anionji: 

 hogs in certain localities it is often desirable to use the tuberculin test in 

 separating affected from healthy animals. In the studies which were made 

 by the authors, 12 hogs were infected with tuberculosis by feeding them milk 

 to which tubercle bacilli had been added. Four hogs were allowed to follow 

 cattle affected with tuberculosis, 4 more followed cattle which received tulu^rcle 

 bacilli in their drinking water daily, and V2 hogs were infected with tuber- 

 culosis by subcutaneous inoculation. 



A study was made of the normal temperature of hogs, and it appears that 

 the temperature of fat hogs is higher than that of poor ones. It was found 

 that the temperature of hogs rises rapidly and to the extent of 3° or 4° as a 

 result of driving or excitement. It became necessary, therefore, to place 

 each hog in a rectangular crate about 12 hours before taking the temi)erature 

 and to keep them thus confined until the tuberculin test was comi)leted. The 

 temperatures were taken hourly for IG to 23 hours before injection and 

 for from 30 to 40 hours after injection. The dose of tuberculin was i cc. per 

 100 lbs. of live weight. Of 58 hogs tested with tuberculin, 26 reacted and 

 were found to be tuberculous upon post-mortem examination. In nearly every 

 instance the temperature of tuberculous hogs reached 105° F. after injection. 



The reaction to tuberculin begins within 7 hours, reaches a maximum 

 about 14 hours after injection, and continues for 16 hours later. Since it 

 was found that the temperature of hogs might be elevated as much as 

 4.4° F. by walking 4 minutes at a slow pace, it is obvious that time and labor 

 will be wasted in making a tuberculin test with hogs unless precautions are 

 taken to prevent excitement and worry in the animals. When these precau- 

 tions are observed, the tuberculin test is practically as reliable with hogs as 

 with cattle. 



The temperature and autopsy records are presented in detail in a tabular 

 form. With regard to the method of infection of hogs it was found that the 

 feces of tuberculous cattle or cattle which received tubercle bacilli in their 

 food are highly infectious for hogs which follow them in the feed lot. Hogs 

 readily contract tuberculosis in this way ; in fact their susceptibility through 

 exposure to infected food is much greater than that of guinea pigs. 



Tuberculin in guinea pigs artificially infected with tuberculosis, P. 

 Stazzi (Clhi. Vet. [Mila)i], 29 (11)06), \o. 32, />/). 773-7S2, pi- 1).— During 

 the author's investigations it appeared that guinea pigs rendered tuberculous 

 by artificial inoculation show a reaction to tuberculin which becomes more 

 pronounced as the disease progresses. In guinea pigs which show an unusual 

 susceptibility to tuberculin this reagent may cause parenchymous congestion 

 and hemorrhage. In the author's opinion the striking sensitiveness of guinea 

 pigs to tuberculin in advanced stages of tuberculosis is susceptible to several 

 interpretations, but the simplest one is that with the progress of the disease 

 the amount of tuberculin already in the animal body becomes greater until a 

 point is reached where any additional amount can not be endi:red. 



The resistance of tuberculin toward light, H. Jansen (Ccntbl. Bald, [etc.'i, 

 1. Aht., Orit/.. >,1 (I'Xld), \o. 7, pi). 77,j-77'.), fig. 1). — A test was made of the 

 effect of intensive illumination upon tubercle bacilli killed by light and upon 

 tuberculin. 



It was found that the illumination had no influence whatever upon dead 

 tubercle bacilli. The specific toxin of the tubercle bacillus as found in tubercu- 

 lin is very resistant to light and intense illumination for 2 hours appeared to 

 have uo effect upon it. 



