880 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The simultaneous method of vaccination against anthrax, G. Sobern- 

 HEiM {Ztscltr. InfcktiuiisKraiik. u. llijy. tluuKticrc, 1 (1006). \u. 6, i)i). 'i-'i-i- 

 IfoO). — The use of serum aud virus simultaneously, according to the method 

 devised by the author, has been extensively tested on all kinds of domestic ani- 

 mals susceptible to anthrax, and the results obtained Indicate that the method 

 is a reliable and satisfactory one. 



Immunization against anthrax by the method of Sobernheim, A. Stadie 

 {Ztschr. Infectionskrank. u. liytj. Hausticrc, 1 il90lJ),No. 2-3, pp. 127-1J,3) .—The 

 Sobernheim and Pasteur methods of immunizing animals against anthrax were 

 directly compared. In a case of two sheep treated by the Sobernheim method 

 and subsequently tested with virulent cultures 4 weeks after the Immunizing 

 process, both animals died of anthrax within 5 days. 



On the basis of this experiment and others with calves, the author comes to 

 the conclusion tliat Sobernheim's method possesses no superiority over the 

 Pasteur method. 



The effect of sterile animal decomposition products on anthrax bacilli, 

 C. ScHiPP {Dent. TicriirzU. Wclnisvlir., J.'t {1906), No. S',, pp. J,05-'fl0 ) .—lu 

 the experiments reported in this paper it was found that the fluid obtained 

 from decomi)osiug animal bodies exercises a bactericidal effect upon anthrax 

 bacilli, even after it has been filtered so as to be free from bacteria. This 

 effect of the decomposition fluid is not destroyed by heating to a temperature 

 of 100° C. Anthrax spores, however, are not affected. The gases produced 

 during decomposition of animal bodies have no effect upon the anthrax 

 bacillus. 



Inoculation with blood from animals immunized against rinderpest by 

 the use of bile, E. Rassau {Ztschr. Infectionskrank. u. Hycj. Hausticre, 1 

 {1906), No. Ji-5, pp. 283-3S8) .—AtUnition is called to the danger of using the 

 blood of immimized animals for vaccination against rinderpest in the regions 

 where Texas fever prevails. If such blood Is used Texas fever may be trans- 

 mitted to the vaccinated animals. The author states that the boundary of the 

 region In which Texas fever occurs in South Africa is not so well defined as is 

 the case in the Unitecl States, Paraguay, and the Argentine. 



An outbreak of redwater {Rhodesian Agr. Jour., 3 (1906), No. 5, pp. 529- 

 531). — In studying an outbreak of this disease it was noted that the African 

 coast fever was not present and that the usual blood parasite was to be demon- 

 strated in all cases. 



It appears that stabled calves may l)e removed to infected areas in winter with 

 impunity, for the reason that infestation with ticks takes place gradually as 

 spring opens. 



Some unusual host relations of the Texas fever tick, B. 11. Ransom {U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Circ. 9S, pp. 8). — Ordinarily the Texas fever tick 

 passes its whole life from the larval to the adult condition upon one animal, 

 where it undergoes two molts. Other ticks closely related to the Texas fever tick 

 differ considerably in their life history, so that a number of possible schemes 

 of host i-elatlons may be formulated for ticks as a whole. 



Experiments undertaken by the author indicate that some variations may 

 occur in the ordinary programme as laid down for the Texas fever tick. For 

 example, ticks removed from the host just after the first molt will develoj) to 

 the adult stage if placed upon another animal within 24 hours after removal. 

 Ticks may also be removed from one animal to another after the second molt 

 without causing any disturbance in their life history. Tioks removed from their 

 host just before the second molt were found to be able to molt and live unat- 

 tached to any host for 2 weeks. Moreover, Texas fever ticks will attach them- 



