"^ VETERINARY MEDICINE. 881 



selves in a larval oomlitioii not only to cattle, horses, mules, and jacks, hut also 

 to cats and dogs. 



By way of comparison notes were given on the known facts in the life history 

 of the ticks which carry African coast fever and European piroplasmosis. In 

 a continuation of this study an investigation will he made to deternnne whether 

 the Texas fever tick is ahle to transmit the disease in other than the larval 

 stage, whether other species of ticks may transmit Texas fever, and whether 

 other animals tlian cattle and horses may be concerned in the dissendnation 

 of the ticks. 



Vaccination for septic pneumonia in calves, Goldrerger (Berlin, Tierarztl. 

 Wchiisclir., 11)06, Xo. 27, pp. 507, oOS). — Sei)tic pneumonia occurred in an unusu- 

 iilly serious outbreak causing death of every calf ou the estate in question 

 within a few days after birth. The author began the use of a vaccination 

 nifllKid a|)plied within one day after birth and in this wa.v prevented the fur- 

 llier development of the disease. 



Lorenz's organism of pneumonia, IIobstetter (Ztschr. Veterinurk., 18 (1006), 

 Xo. 27. pp. 303-30-)). — The author undertook a study of a number of cases of 

 pneumonia in horses for the purpose of determining whether the organism 

 described by Lorenz was present in or on the skin. All tests gave negative 

 results. Not a trace of the organism in question was found in numerous pieces 

 of the skin taken for examination, neither was the author able to find an organ- 

 ism of pneumonia in the dust removed by currying infected horses. 



The transmission of pleuro-pneumonia to sheep and goats, E. Dujardin- 

 Beaumetz {Ann. In.^t. Pat^fenr, 20 {1006), No. 6, pp. .'/17-.'i.'iS). — Pleuro-pneu- 

 monia is commonly considered as affecting only cattle. During the author's ex- 

 periments, however, he found it possible to transmit the disease to sheep and 

 goats in a number of cases. There seemed to be no difference in the suscepti- 

 liility of sheep and goats to inoculation. When the udder of sheep was inocu- 

 lated, only slight inflammation was produced, but the milk contained the virus 

 of iileuro-pneumonia, as was shown by repeated observations. 



Etiology, pathology, morbid anatomy, and other matters connected with 

 the diseases of sheep known as louping ill and braxy, D. J. Hamilton, J. M. 

 McCall, and E. G. Wheler (London: Bd. Agr. and Fisheries, 1906, pis. 1, pp. 

 36; 2, pp. 3fi2, pis. 8, figs. 29; 3, pp. 13). — The authors were appointed as a 

 committee to investigate louping ill and braxy in sheep. 



The symptoms of these 2 diseases are somewhat similar and the diseases are 

 sometimes confused by those who have had little experience with them. Loup- 

 ing ill is confined to the British Isles, being most prevalent in the west and 

 south of Scotland and north of England. The mortality varies from 20 to 50 

 per cent. Sheep of all ages are susceptible, and occasionally cattle and pigs 

 or even geese are affected. In acute cases the symptoms are those of septi- 

 cemia, and the\nimals live only a few hours, while in chronic cases the course 

 of the disease may be extended for a few weeks. 



Braxy is known in various parts of Great Britain, the Faroes, Ireland, and 

 Norway. The death rate is usually 20 per cent, and at times the disease may 

 cause almost total annihilation of a flock of sheep. The disease runs a very 

 rapid course. 



During the investigation of the committee an elaborate series of observations 

 were made on the organisms which produce louping ill and braxy. In all cases 

 of louping ill an organism is found in the intestines which is referred to under 

 the name Bacillus chorctr paralgticfr or/.v. Similarly in braxy a specific organ- 

 ism appeared to be the cause of the disease, and ticks apparently have no defi- 

 nite connection with either louplug ill or braxy, No success attended the 



