METEOKOLOGY — WATER. 423 



past 1(! years. DeHclcnoies in jji-ec-iiiitation and rainfall were quite general 

 throughout the State. At Storrs the last killing frost in the spring oeenrrcd 

 April 24 and the first in the fail. Sciitcmlicr L'l', giving a growing season of loO 

 days free fnnn frost. 



Meteorological observations, .1. K. Ostkander, K. C. Lindblaii, and 'V. A. 

 Rakry (iliissdchusctts Stu. Mel. Buh. 213, 21.'t, pp. Jf each). — Sununaries of 

 obsorvutlons nt Amherst, Mass., on pressure, temperature, humidity, precipita- 

 tion, wind, sunshine, cloudiness, and casual phenomena during September and 

 October, 1000. The data are briefly discussed In a general note on the weather 

 of each niontli. 



[Meteorological summary for 1904-5 1, 1'^- Biirkk (Muntuiia Hta. Rpf. 1905, 

 pp. 21!l. 2S0). — The usual summary of observations im Icnipcralurc i)re(;ipita- 

 tion. cloudiness, etc.. is given. 



Report on meteorological observations during the year 1905 iOvrrzicht 

 ili'f Mctcarohinischv WaanicDiUujcii, gcdaan in den C'liltuurtuin tc I'(tr(ii)inrih<>, 

 ill lut .1(1(11' I'.lO.'i. I ti)(u;\. pp. IC). — Summaries of tridaily observatious at Para- 

 marii)o on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, direction of wind, 

 cloudiness, and precipitation are given. 



Antigua meteorological returns, 1905 ("ll'cs/ liididii Bill.. 7 (1906), 3i^o. 3, 

 pp. 2'>(l-2t)S) .■ — Data are given for average rainfall in Antigua from 1874 to 1905, 

 inclusive, monthly rainfall at a large number of places in the island during the 

 year 1!)05. and monthly temperature, pressure, dew point, and wind movement 

 at the government laboratory, St. Johns, during 1905. 



Notes are also given on a cyclonic disturbance which occurred north of 

 Antigua August 31 and September 1, 190G, with a discussion of the rainfall of 

 St. Croix in relation to sugar crops. The general conclusions arrived at in the 

 latter case are that a small amount of rain evenly distributed gives better 

 results than larger rains falling unevenly. The rainfall of July, August, and 

 September decides the crop of the next year whenever the canes are in a healthy 

 condition at the end of June. Rain falling in January to March of the year 

 the crop is taken off feeems to have no influence. , 



British, rainfall, 1905, 11. R. Mill {London: Edicard Stanford, 1906, pp. 

 8,S+i7/, iilx. 7, p!/s. 11; rev. in Nature [London], 75 (1906), A'O. 1931, p. 5). — 

 This, the fort.v-fifth iinnu;il report on British rainfall, is compiled from observa- 

 tions by 4,09() volunteer observers in different parts of the British Isles. The 

 distribution of tlic r.-iinfall both in space and time is discussed as well as the 

 relation of t(»tal rainfall during the year to the normal. 



Original articles of special interest are a review of Hellmann's report on pre- 

 ci])it;iti()n in the North German river basins, and a study of the relation of 

 cvapor.ition from a water surface to other meteorological phenomena, namely, 

 temperature of air and soil, duration of sunshine and rainfall, relative humidity, 

 and amount of rain at Camden Sipiare. 



The rei)ort shows in general that 19(»5 was exceptionally dry, the rainf.-ill 

 deficiencies for the year l)eing for England and Wales Ki per cent, for Scotland 

 5 per cent, for Ireland 12 per cent, and for the British Isles as a whole 12 per 

 cent. The average rainfall during the year was 28..S in. for England and Wales, 

 4.''>.04 in. for Scotland, 85.8 in. for Ireland, and 38.92 in. for the British Isles. 



The observations on evaporation as related to other meteorological phenomena 

 were made at Camden Square by means of a standard iron tank 6 ft. square and 

 2 ft. deep, the rim of the tank rising 3 in. above the surface of the grass-covered 

 ground and the surface of the water being maintained nearly at the ground 

 level. Measurements were made bj' means of a hook-gage resting on the rim of 

 the tank aud read by means of a yeruier to the hundredth of an inch. The 



