VI'.TKrnNAlJV SCIRXCE. 477 



Til view uf tlic in-npusc'il cxlciisidii of irriixalinii work in llic lu'iyihburliuoil 

 uf Khnrtnuiii llir .iiillicir ;iil\ iscs thai a dry 1m-I( I mile in width he preserved 

 around the .ity in uidrr to in-cvrnt tlw infestation of tlic <-it\- witli mosquitoes. 

 Notes ai-c .^ivcii OH uictliods of destroy ins: niosiiuitoes in pools. swaini»s. houses, 

 and ships. Tlie dlH'ereiit species of tsetse tlies arech'scrihed with partieuhir 

 reference to their atreiicy in transniittiuir blood jyarasites. \n account is also 

 jiresented of i»lant lice on soriiluiin and other plants and of locusts. spe<-ies of 

 Siniuliuin. horse tlies. and other injurious ins(>cts. 



Jill HKinniKiriiiii hiilf'iuri is reported as occnri'iiiLC in the jerboa and other 

 niainnials. .V report is also made on the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cat- 

 tle, imiles. and human hein.LCS and on liiood examination and related subjects. 



Tile reiioi-t of tlie cheiuii-al i.ilioralory (pp. '2()'>~24^) is noted elsewhere m 

 this issue. 



Tuberculosis of the food-producing animals, D. E. Sal.mon {('. 8. Dept. 

 At/r.. liiir. Aiiiiii. Indus, liiil. .iS. pjt. '.I'.i. ills. 9). — The author has presented a 

 <liscussion of the chief problems relatinj: to tuberculosis. Statistics are jriven 

 on the i>revalence of tuberculosis in the T'nited States and Europe and the 

 ( xtent of losses from this disease. The cause and patholoj^y of tuberculosis 

 are considered in detail and notes are liiven on the tuberculin test. 



I'artieular attention is devoted to a consideration of the intertransmission 

 of tubercul(»sis between man and animals and recent exi)eriments in immuniza- 

 tion of cattle to the disease. The author concludes that bovine tuberculosis 

 may be communicated to human beinjis, particularly children, and that man 

 may also liecome infected from tuberculous hogs, sheep, goats, and other ani- 

 mals but u(jt from poultry. It is believed that human tuberculosis is trans- 

 missible to animals only in a relatively small percentage of cases. 



With reference to the inununizatiou of cattle to tuberculosis, the author calls 

 attention to the fact that great ])rogress has been made along this line, but 

 that the results are not as uniform as could be desired. The methods now in 

 use, however, are cai)able of great improvement. 



The State may aid materially in the eradication of tuberculosis by requir- 

 ing a tuberculin test, inspection of all slaughtered animals, and the payment of 

 a reasonable compensation. Some, help may also be derived from the estab- 

 lishment of breeding herds known to be free from the disease and maintained 

 in health.v surroundings. 



The living sources of tuberculosis, Cadkac (Juitr. Med. ^'('^t. ct Zootcch., 

 .M (lUOH). ./Kill. lip. .i'.i'i-.V.)!l ) . — While many means are known by which tuber- 

 culosis may be transmitted from one animal to another, it is impossible under 

 ordinary circumstances to transmit the disease to any serious extent without 

 a close association of affected and healthy animals. Such close contact makes 

 it possible for contagion to be spread through either the respiratory or digestive 

 organs. 



Notes are given on the usual course of tuberculosis in cattle, goats, dogs, 

 rabbits, sheep, and birds, with special reference to the stage of the disease 

 n hen it is most infectious. 



The avenues of infection with tuberculosis and the means of defense on 

 the part of the organism, A. Calmktte {Rcr. 8ci. [l'(irix\. ■',. srr.. C ilDud). 

 \(>. !i. jip. .^'n-.i(l'> ) . — The controversy concerning the usual mode of infection 

 with tuberculosis is critically considered. 



In the author's opinion, the most frequent source of infection is through the 

 alimentary tract, especially the intestines. Tubercle bacilli introduced into 

 the alimentary tract may jienetrate through the walls of the intestines without 

 leaving any lesion, and after they reach the lymphatic vessels they may be sur- 



