VETERIXARY SCIENCE. 479 



iiiffstcd with ticks dn not rcacii tiic size wliidi fhoy otlieru-ise would iittain. 

 Milch cows souictinies ahort as the I'csult of excessive iiifestatioii or occasionally 

 do not breed until .3 or 4 years old. 



From a practical standpoint, the author finds some objection to the method of 

 feed-lot rotation, but believes that the method of starviiiR out the ticks is practi- 

 cable and promises results. 



Rinderpest in South Africa, (1. 'Pikmck (.lour. 'I'loii. 1(7. ,s'r/.. / iUXld). 

 Xo. -i. lip. 2(i!)-2<SS ) .- — \ lirief account is presented of different methods whicli 

 have been used in inunuiil/.iiiy cattle a^'ainst rinderpest. 



Some of these methods suffer from the disadvantage that the inniumity ]iro- 

 duced is of very short duration. Tn order to bring about a longer innnunity. the 

 author used scrum from animals which hasc been repeatedly hyperinnnuiiizcd. 

 Reports have been rect'ived regarding the use of this serum on lOS.OOO c;ittle. in 

 which the loss amcmnted to 1.8 p(>r cent. 



The importance of forage in the distribution of anthrax, 1'. Spissu (Slaz. 

 Spcr. Ai/r. I till.. ,i!l ( I!)ik;), \o. .}, pp. Jl.l->.^(i). — In pre\enting the distribution of 

 anthrax it Itecomes neces.sary to study carefully all possible means for the diffu- 

 sion of this disease. According to the author's experiments, it is impossible for 

 plants which grow in the soil over the buried carcasses of animals dying of 

 anthrax to carry the contagion. Forage, however, which in any way becomes 

 contaminated may serve as a means of transmitting the disease, especially in the 

 presence of a lesion in the digestive tract. 



Inoculation experiments with Actinomyces asteroides in guinea pigs, II. 

 Nakay.\.ma (.1/t7(. IIij!!., .7.S iJf)()0). Xo. 3, pp. 201-Sl.i, pis. //).— The literature 

 relating to the biology and forms of actinomyces is critically discussed in <-on- 

 nectiou with numerous l)ibliographical references. 



The author undertook an elaborate series of experiments for the jmrpose of 

 studying the biological forms under which actinomyces occurs, and also the 

 effect of actinomyces on guinea pigs with particular I'eferenceVo the problem of 

 supersensitiveness. In tlie cotu'se of the experiments it was found that guinea 

 pigs will endure a single inoculation with enormous quantities of actinomyces. 

 In fact, the organism appears not to be able to cause death with acute symptoms 

 of infection from the first inoculation. About 1 week after the first inoculation, 

 however, a couditioi. cf excessive suscejjtibility to the disease is noted, and any 

 further inoculation at this time results in the very rapid spread of the infection, 

 and death. This stage of supersensitiveness persists for only F. weeks, after 

 which the animal returns to a normal condition, ])rovided no second inoculation 

 is given during the ])eri<)(l. 



The author l)elieves that the condition of supersensitiveness observed in his 

 experiments is sometimes i)re.sent in the case of infection with tuberculosis, and 

 may be held to account for fb.e failure of imnuuiization experiments in such 

 cases. 



Septic pneumonia of calves, Ui iim ( WrJinsrhr. I'lcrlicilk. ii. Mcliziiclif. 

 50 (inOG), Xo. •>(!. pp. 7<i.i-705). — The a.uthor observed 15 calves so badly affected 

 with septic pneumonia that at the age of .'J months they were no larger than they 

 should have been at 1 month. The 15 calves were given the serum treatment, 

 and all recovered entirely. In addition a young calf, not affected, was vacci- 

 nated and appeared to be rendered inunune to the disease. 



Notes are given on the symptoms and pathology of the disease. 



Infectious catarrhal bronchitis and pneumonia in cattle, Martens (Ber- 

 lin. Ticnirztl. Wchn.schr.. 1006, Xo. 36, pp. 655, 656). — Cattle are not commonly 

 supposed to be affected with an infectious pneumonia similar to that which 

 prevails in the horse. The author, however, observed a number of cases and 

 made a study of the symptoms and course of the disease. 



