ANTMAI. intODUCTlON. 569 



aiul potassium. " I'liylin is widely distributed in nature, and lias l)een found 

 in tbe seeds of red lir. |)uni|ii\in. peas, beans, white and yellow hipines, ])otatoes. 

 and wheat." 



riiylin may l)e completely or nearly removed from wheat bran by washing 

 with water, but more easily by allowing the bran to undergo a slight fermenta- 

 tion, followed by leaching with water. 



The experiments were made with 2 cows, and the income and outgo of nitro- 

 gen and i)hosphorus were studied on high phosphorus rations made up of oat 

 straw, hominy or rice meal, whole-wheat bran, and wheat gluten, and low 

 phosphorus rations in which rice, wheat gluten, and oat straw were combined 

 with washed wheat bran. " Through the use of the wheat gluten, which con- 

 tained from 70 to 75 per cent of protein, it was easy to regulate the protein 

 supply so as to make it fairly uniform in the rations compared." 



Quotations from the authors' summary and discussion follow : " The amount 

 of outgoing i)hosphorus rose and fell with the quantity supplied in the food, 

 though within narrow limits. When the phosphorus supply w^as abundant 

 there was a storage of this element in the bodies of the animals, but during 

 prolonged periods in which the supply of phosphorus was deficient there was 

 withdrawn from the body store about 10 gm. daily in several periods. 



"Through catal)olic changes the phosphorus of the phytin and that of the 

 unused digested nucleo bodies was reduced to inorganic combinations, and was 

 excreted chiefly in the feces, though to a small extent in the urine. . . . 



" The rise and fall in the amounts of outgoing phosphorus compounds oc- 

 curred almost wholly with the inorganic salts found in the egesta. The organic 

 phosphorus bodies of the egesta were but little affected, if at all, by the pro- 

 portions of phosphorus compounds in the food. Variations in the phosphorus 

 suppl.v aiipeared not to modify the appropriation of this element by the milk. 



" No relation whatever appears to exist between nitrogen excretion and phos- 

 phorus excretion. 



. "It is shown without (piestion that the physiological effect of the two rations, 

 due to the withdrawal from the bran of such compounds as were solul)le in 

 slightly acidulated water, differed to a marked degree. With the washed ])rau 

 ration as compared with the one containing the iniwashed bran, the following 

 differences were obser\ ed : 



"(a) Drier and nuich firmer feces with the waslu^d bran ration, accomi)anied 

 by a constipated condition, recpiiring in some cases the use of a purgative. 



"(b) A marked disturbance of appetite in [one] e.xperiment . . . when a sud- 

 den change was made from the washed bran ration to the one containing the 

 unwashed bran, indicating some specific physiological influence of the compound 

 or compounds removed from the bran by leachiiig. 



"(c) A greatl.v reduced flow of urine followed a change from the unwashed 

 bran to the washed bran ration, the reverse taking place wiien a reverse change 

 was made. 



"(d) An increase in the flow of milk consequent upon the withdrawal from 

 the ration of the phytin and other water-soluble constituents of l)ran. 



"(e) A reduction, sometimes large, in the percentage of fat in the milk con- 

 sequent upon the withdrawal from the ration of phytin and other water- 

 soluble constituents of bran. 



"(f) A decreased i)roduction of butter fat during the period the washed bran 

 ration was fed. notwithstanding a somewhat increased flow of milk. 



"(g) The (Mitire cessation of the o'strnni ])eri(id witli cow 1 and a tenii)orary 

 disturltance of this period with cow 2. . . . 



"Tile difference in effect of tb(> (wo rations may l)e due (o the larger snp])ly 

 of iihosphorus in one ration without reference to the form of combination. 



