VETERTNAHY MEDICINE. 581 



body of tlie luaiiiiiinl or exceptionally this occurs siioutaueously. Similarly I lie 

 iiiaiiimaliaii tubercle bacillus may be made to develop the growtli of tfie bacillus 

 of cold-blooded animals by inoculation of tbe latter. These two foi'ms of the 

 tubercle bacilli are callable of iiroducin.i; typical tuberculous lesions in eitber 

 warm or cold-blooded animals. It is concluded, tberefore, that the tubercle 

 bacilli of men, cattle, birds, and cold-blooded animals are merely vegetative 

 nioditications of one .-md the same species. 



Milk and tuberculosis, .7. W. Rrittlebank (Vet. Rev., J!) (1906). A'o. D.'f9, 

 pp. lU-'i. J(!5). — In an exannnation of 10.527 cows kept in city stables only 

 one animal was found to be affected with tuberculosis of the udder. During 

 the same investigation of the milk supply of Manchester, lOngland, 70-t samples 

 were taken from milk delivered by 505 different farmers from different counties 

 and in these samples the percentage of tuberculous milk varied from 3 to 12. 



Infectious abortion in cattle, B. Bang (./oiir. Compar. Path, and Tlier., 

 19 (1901!). \i>. .i. pp. 191-202). — It is now 10 years since the author elucidated 

 the etiology of this disease. In the meantime much work has been done along 

 the line of prevention. The author believes that where the nature of the dis- 

 ease is understood the farmer may readily i>rotect bis herd against it b.v jiroper 

 sanitary precautions. 



During the past 3 years the author has carried on experiments in attempting 

 to inmuniize cows, sheep, and goats against the disease. It has been observed 

 that aborting cows acquire a certain degree of immunity. In this work 

 intravenous in.jectlons of sennn bouillon cultures of the micro-organism of 

 abortion were adopted. In some cases this treatment produced abscesses and 

 other symptoms of reaction, but considerable immunity resulted, and the author 

 hopes that this method of vaccination will ultimately give a means of con- 

 trolling tbe disease. 



Immunization toward anthrax, F. Murillo (Ztschr. Hug. u. Infcctions- 

 Icrunlc, oJ, (1906), Xo. 2, pp. 178-188).— It has often been observed that there 

 may be more or less antagonism between different bacteria or higher plants 

 which are growing in the same medium. The author tested the effect of diph- 

 theria to.xin in the attenuation of anthrax cultures. Cultures thus olitained 

 were tested on experimental animals with results which indicate that this 

 method is quite successful in producing immunity. 



The author claims certain advantages for this method over the Pasteur sys- 

 tem. .Vccording to the latter method a temperature of 42° C. is reconunended 

 for the attenuation of the anthrax vaccine. By the author's method any tem- 

 peratiu'e irp to 37° is satisfactory. It was also found that it is not necessary 

 to use the cultures on a certain day, but that they remain suitable for a number 

 of days after treatment. By combining cultures and toxins in different pro- 

 porti(ms in ordinary bouillon it is possible to obtain a wide series of gradations 

 in the vaccine. 



Anthrax in frogs, F. Dittiiorn (.1;c7(. //(///., J7 (1906), Xu. .'/, pp. 313- 

 S22). — In inoculation experiments with frogs, the author shows that anthrax 

 bacilli in. pjissing through the body of these cold-blooded animals are not atten- 

 uated but remain in condition to affect higher animals and produce an acute 

 form of the disease. In making exi)eriments of this sort it is necessary to 

 observe closely the temi)erature condition surrounding experimental frogs 

 since frogs are very suscejitible to sudden t(>miierature cbang(>s. 



Prevention of blackleg by the use of the Pasteur blacklegine, 11. Bibbky 

 (Vet. Nrc. 19 (1906). \<>. 9.',0, pp. 168. 169).— In tbe use of this vaccine the 

 author makes the inoculation at the root of the tail, which is afterwards washed 



