RURAL ECONOMICS. 593 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



The new agricultural movement in Cape Colony, I'. .1. HaniNon (I'roc. Koij. 

 Colon. Just., J7 {J!i(i.')-()). PI). :il.'i-.i.i]). — I'his is a paper read at a nieetin.i? of 

 the Royal Colonial Institute of London, in April, VMM). 



The author discusses the past Jind present (-onditions of agriculture in the 

 colony, and ])oints out the recent progress made in agricultural cooperation in 

 winemaking. creameries, wool industry, animal breeding, growing and marketing 

 fruits, sinking of wells, sheep farming, erection of granaries, construction of 

 irrigation works, introduction of new seeds, and other schemes. The movement 

 is aided by government loans and by registered cooi)erative associations. Expert 

 advice is also given by government Jigents in "providing plans and specifications 

 for buildings and plant, as well as making inspections and advising the com- 

 mittees from time to time." 



The progress made in agricultural cooperation since 1904 leads the author to 

 lioiie " tliat the ' self-help by nmtual help ' spirit displayed by our farmers, 

 .supported liy the well-conceived financial assistance of the State, will awaken a 

 wide interest in tlie future prosperity of this important subcontinent of the 

 Britisli Emiiire." 



Cooperation in agriculture {Agr. ,/oiir. Cape Good Hope, 2D (1906), N'os. 

 3, pp. 33l-3.'i.i: .'/, pp. '>J2-')n). — This consists of extracts from the report of 

 P. J. Haunon, superintendent of agricultural cooperation in the colony. The 

 results are noted from another source (see above). 



The new agriculture, B. L(ANdreth (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, Jf-'j (1906), No. 

 183, pp. 166-177). — This paper briefly describes the progress made in the appli- 

 cation of steam, electricity, and scientific knowledge to agriculture, along the 

 lines of tlie preparation of the soil, harvesting crops, control of insect pests and 

 fungus diseases, forcing of plants, soil inoculation, and tlie use of electric air 

 currents in plant development. 



The organization of agriculture in the Netherlands, .1. Frost (Agrarver- 

 fa.ssiiiig I'li'l LdiitlirirthncJidft in de)) \i<(lerlaiulcii. Berlin: Gennnn Agr. Soc, 

 1906, pp. .'i9'j, niupn 6). — This is a general treatise on the development nnd organ- 

 ization of agriculture and related industries in the Lowlands. 



Statistical data are reported and discussed in part 1 regarding the climate, 

 classes of land under cultivation, waterways and highways, and transportation 

 facilities. 



Parts 1 to 3 deal more directly with tlie economic aspects of agriculture, and 

 include information regarding the jiast :ind i)i-(>sent status of farm holdings, 

 labor relations, agricultural organizations and education, systems of culture, 

 crops raised and disposition of crops, animal production, cooperative societies 

 for the purchase and sale of products, the methods of raising capital for invest- 

 ment, and other topics relating to the economics of agriculture. 



Annual report on the working of the cooperative credit societies act of 

 1904 in the Bombay Presidency during the year ending 31st March, 1906, 

 J. McXkii.l (liombuy: (Jort.. mini, pp. 23). — Included in the report are tabu- 

 lated statistics giving details of each society as to origin, location, receipts and 

 dislninsements. rates of interest, assets and liabilities, profits and loss of opera- 

 tion, and classification of loans. In sununarizing the year's work, the author 

 says : " Tlie general progi-ess made is, I think, satisfactory. While the number 

 registered at the close of the year was ."51. the total number now registered [.Inly 

 10, 190(>] is 4.") in 11 districts and the city of Bombay. The only failure is the 

 rural society at Unkal." 



