642 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



unci honeycombing are ])ointed out, and the principles to he followed in con- 

 structing kilns are laid down. Broadly speaking, a system of heaters and radia- 

 tors in a rightly constructed kiln should be capable of maintaining the desired 

 temperature at all times. " The temperature and humidity of the drying 

 chamber should be under perfect control and protected from outside influences. 

 Simple devices should control the circulation as desired, I)oth between the kiln 

 and the outer atmosphere and between the two ends of the kiln. Toward the 

 end of the process abundant and vigorous circulation should be provided for, 

 due care I>eing taken not to lower the temperature." 



The subjects of moist-air drying, preliminary seasoning, preliminary use of 

 steam in the kiln, prolonged submersion of the wood in water, etc., are also 

 discussed. 



Timber used in the mines of the United States in 1905, R. S. Kellogg 

 (U. 8. Dcpt. Ayr., Forest Scrv. Circ. 1,9, pp. 8). — Of 14,000 mines to which 

 inquiries were sent regarding the use of timber, 5,000 reported that timber was 

 used and nearly 0,000 reported no use of timber. 



From the data obtained, which it is calculated covered fully 90 per cent 

 of the total amount of timber used during the year, a total of 165,535,900 cu. ft. 

 of round timber and 435,944.000 board feet of sawed timber is shown. Or 

 if the round timber be reported in board feet the total for use in mines would 

 be 2,422.374.800 board feet. The quantity of timber used in the different 

 kinds of mines, such as bituminous and anthracite coal, iron mines, and mines 

 for precious metals, is shown for each of the different woods in tabular form. 

 The principal mine timbers, both round and sawed, are pine and oak. The 

 total cost of the timber used during the year was $1(),5(K),000. 



The States in which the cost of mining timber exceeded $500,000 are Penn- 

 sylvania, Montana, Arizona, Illinois, Michigan, West Virginia, Colorado, and 

 California. 



"Wood used for distillation in 1905, H. M. Hale (V. S. Dept. Ayr., Forest 

 *scrr. Circ. .')(), pp. 3). — Statistics secured from 82 distillation plants in the 

 United States are given, showing the amount of wood used and the products 

 produced. The total amount of wood used was G7G.739 cords, resulting in 

 26,070.130 bu. of charcoal, 5.062,076 gal. of alcohol, 86,685,129 lbs. of acetate 

 of lime, 238.180 gal. of turpentine, and 1,039.980 gal. of tar and oil, besides 

 434,780 gal. of oil from pine distillation. The chief States in which woods are 

 used for distillation purposes are Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New York. The 

 quantity of pine distilled and its products were insignificant when compared 

 with those of hard-wood, there being but 16,969 cords of pine distilled. 



Wood used for veneer in 1905, H. M. Hale (T. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Sere. 

 Circ. 51, pp. .'/). — Data received from 128 manufacturers of veneer in the United 

 States were compiled for the year 1005. 



More than 189,000.000 ft. log measure is used for veneering purposes. Of the 

 veneer stock produced in 1905 21.8 per cent was made from red gum, 14.5 from 

 maple, 14.4 from yellow i)oplar, from cottonwood, and 8.0 from white oak. 

 About one-third of the establishments used no artificial process in drying. 

 Thirty-nine establishments used the cores from the rotary process in veneer mak- 

 ing for fuel," and 33 converted them into excelsior. In one instance they were 

 used for pulp, in another for porch posts, and in others for crates, boxes, and 

 baskets. 



The lumber cut of the United States in 1905, S. R. Kellogg {V. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Forest 8erv. Circ. 5^, pp. 23, figs. 3). — Statistics for the lumber cut in the 

 United States in 1005 were secured through cooi»eration with the National Lum- 

 ber Manufacturers" Association and other lumber associations by correspondence. 



The data secured show that 11,666 establishments cut 30,502,061,000 ft. of 



