RURAL ENGTNEERTNG. 681 



usiiifi tliis rouKHly tlic diicks to he trcitcd iiiny lie plarod in :i l);iskot over ;i pail 

 coiitaiiiintr carlKtlic acid in w liiiji a ii«>l brick is placed for the pnrpose of volatil- 

 izini; tlk' acid. 



Contagious epithelioma of fowls, K. r.ri;\i;r (.1////. Iiisl. I'lislciir. .iO 

 (l!)(l(i). .Ao. .''. /(/'. l'i.i-7 (!■')). — Aeeordini,' to the anthor's ohservations tlierc is no 

 lU'cessity of sni)posing an intermediate host, such as Hies, lleas. and otlier pai-a- 

 sites for the nuero-organism of eontugious epithelioma in birds. The cellular 

 inclusions ol)served in eases of this disease and frequently described as parasites 

 do not pass through filters and therefore can not be considered as the true cans(> 

 of the disease, since filtered virus is infectious. By tlie use of an attenuated 

 virus a slight inununity to the disease may be ]>rodue<'d. 



Spirochaeta in chickens,' S. von Trowazek (Arb. K. (J.siKUitmiht., 23 {tDOG), 

 .A"o. i. iij). .').') 'i-.')(j!). Ills. 2). — The spirocha'ta which most commonly affects fowls, 

 causing spirillosis. ajipears in the blood w itliin 2 days after inoculation and is 

 most nuiuerons on the fourth or fifth day. Tiie spleen becomes enlarged and 

 violet-red in color ;ind the liver shows necrotic areas. An organism of this 

 group is described as new nndi'r the name tiiilroclKita anodnnUr. 



Poultry parasites, ('. M. G. Johnston {Orange River Colony Dcpt. A (jr. liiil. 

 12, i>ii. !■'). //(/.v. ')). — Brief accounts are given of fowl tick, fowl mite, scaly legs, 

 ^ajie worm, and roup. These api)ear to be the most serious fowl disea.ses in 

 Orange Itiver Colony, and l)rief directions are given for their effective treat- 

 ment. 



An epizootic outbreak of tapeworms in pheasants, U. Caparini {Clin, ^'rt. 

 [Mihiii], 2!) (JHOd), Ao. ,36. pp. H12-H11). — In a serious infestation of pheasants 

 with tapcnvorms the author found that the trouble was due to one species of 

 tapeworm which assumes a number of forms quite different in apjiearance. 

 The biology and morphology of this tapeworm was studied, but no practical sug- 

 gestions were made regarding the control of the disease. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Contributions to the knowledge of irrigation in the United States of 

 America, Khi'ger {Arh. Dent. Lundic. Cc.sell., 1!)06. No. 11!), pp. 6<i-\-7. plff. 21, 

 fifix. ~7). — This report is the result of a tour of investigation made by Engi- 

 neer Kruger through the United States in 1904 for the purpose of studying 

 irrigation conditions and methods in the arid West. The itinerary included 

 Colorado, I'tah, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico, Particular at- 

 tention was given to the construction of canals and I'eservoirs, in which it is 

 reported that little of novelt.v, aside from the temporary and unsubstantial char- 

 acter of the work, is to be seen. 



From his studies the writer' concludes that little can be learned by the German 

 agriculturist from American irrigation methods, because of differences in cli- 

 matic and economic conditions as well as the fact that (ierman irrigation is 

 for the purpose of supplying the soil with fertilizing ingredients rather than 

 moisture. The writer also thinks it would be quite unwise to build structures 

 in a country as thickly pouplated as Germany of such insecure and flimsy con- 

 struction as are found in the western Fnited States. For the German colonies, 

 however, where arid conditions exist and where the i)oi)ulation is relatively 

 thin, the writer considers that the application of improved wt'stcrn lu-.-u-tices 

 and institutions would be eminently advisable. lie recounnends tlie enactment 

 of a law foi' these cohmies similar in oiJi'ratiou to our n-cl.-im.-iti! ii law. .-i funtl 

 being provided by the government for the construction of irrigation woi-ks, the 



