ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 749 



offurs rhlefly on Varciniiiiii ritis-idua. h\it it has been roportod upon other 

 spet-icH. 



The fungus seems to be rather destructive to young conifers, both in the seed 

 bed and in plantations, and the author recommends care in .selecting sites for 

 the seed bed or nursery and the destruction of diseased plants as far as possible. 



A sclerotiuni disease of China asters, F. Gu^guen (Bid. Trimeftt. ,Sfor. Mycol. 

 France, 22 (JHOd). \o. .',. pp. 2-')'i-..'l!r), pL 1, figs. 5). — ^A description of a sclero- 

 tlum disease of China asters in wliicli the fungus attadcs the plant at the collar, 

 causing it to be easily decorticated and sooner or later resulting in its destruc- 

 tion. The fungus, which was studied in various media, is designated as 

 .icrosialaffmiis rilmorinii n. .sp., a technical description of which is given. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Wolves in relation to stock, game, and the national forest reserves, 

 V. P.AiLEY (r. .V. Ihjtt. Afir., Forest Herr. Bid. 7.2. pp. -il. /(/•^■. •?. //.'/•'*. -T). — The 

 l)nrpose of this bulletin is to furnish information to the hunter, trapper, forest 

 ranger, and ranchman regarding trapping, poisoning, and hunting wolve;^. 



The wolves of the United States are commonly divided into 2 groups, includ- 

 ing coyotes and gray, or timber, wolves. The gray wolf of the plains is the 

 more destructive to stock. This animal breeds and builds its dens below the 

 edge of forest reserves or in the open foothill country. 



Statements are given regarding the present abundance of wolves in the vari- 

 ous States where they occur. Wolves cause the greatest destruction to calve.; 

 and yearlings, but also attack and kill horses, sheep, goats, hogs, and various 

 game animals. The losses due to the attack of wolves upon calves sometimes 

 amomit to 10 i)er cent. 



The protective measures which have been adopted include the use Of wolf- 

 Iiroof fences, granting bounties, direct destruction by hunting, poisoning, trap- 

 ping, and killing of the young in dens. The bounty system has not proved very 

 satisfactory and hunting is too expensive of time and labor. Locating the dens 

 and destroying the young is a very effective way of destroying wolves. The 

 size of the litter ranges from 5 to 13. The breeding season appears to be in 

 January and February. In poisoning wolves the best results are obtained from 

 the use of strycl^iin. of which from 2 to 4 grains are required to kill a 100- 

 pound wolf. The strychnin sh(nild be inclosed in a gelatin capsule and inserted 

 in a piece of beef suet. Directions are also given for the use of traps and the 

 I)reservation of wolf skins, which are worth from ,$4 to $(5 for rugs. 



Eleventh annual report of the State entomologist of Minnesota, 1906, 

 V. L. Washdukn (Ann. Rpt. State Ent. Minn.. 11 (IfloS). pp. VIII + SS. pl.^. 7 

 ft (;.*<. 59). — During the year under report especial attention was given to a 

 study of the cabbage maggot, which caused great injur.v to cabbage, cauliflower, 

 turnip, and radish plants. 



The life history of the insect was studied and experiments were carried out 

 to develop sOccessful methods in controlling it. It seems somewhat imprac- 

 ticable to api)l.v remedies after a field becomes infested. Better results are ob- 

 tained by preventive methods, particularly cultural ones. Some benefit was 

 obtained from innnersing the roots of the plants at the time of setting in helle- 

 Itore and water, and also from the use of glue and sawdust or bran. The 

 natural enemies of this pest furnish some assistance. Further experiments will 

 be made in <level(>ping remedies. 



A list is given of insects reported as injurious during the year and also a 

 brief statement of the laws prevailing in different States concerning nursei'y 



