ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOOt. 753 



Liine-suli)liur-c"iustic soda preparations were also employed, as well as a mix- 

 ture containing 15 lbs. sulphur and ]0 lbs. of caustic soda per 50 gal. of water. 



In most cases the weaker lime-sulphur preparations were about as effective 

 as the stronger, but in a few instances an increased effectiveness was noticed 

 where 35 lbs. of lime and 30 lbs. of sulphur were used per 50 gal. of water. Per- 

 fectly satisfactory results were obtained from the use of linie-sulphur-salt, and 

 lime-sulpluir-caustic soda also proved fairly effective. The sulphur-caustic 

 soda mixture was not so satisfactory. Kerosene limoid did not prove to be a 

 good substitute for lime-sulphur. Certain proprietary remedies were tested and 

 notes were given i)n the preparation of the various insecticides which were used. 



The black currant gall mite, W. E. Collinge {Jour. Btl. .\<p\ [London]. 

 IS (1907), No. 10, pp. 585-596). — 'The life history of this pest is described and a 

 brief account is given of previous worlc which has been done in attempts to com- 

 bat it. In the author's opinion no varieties of the currant are absolutely im- 

 mune to its attacks. 



Fumigation with hydrocyanic-acid gas is not very satisfactory and is too 

 troublesome in large plantations. The author tested a considerable number of 

 insecticides and comes to the conclusion that the application of lime and sulphur 

 will keep the mite in check and, if the spray is apijlied repeatedly, will perhaps 

 eradicate the pest. 



The grape berry worm, II. A. Gossard and J. S. Houser (Ohio 8ta. Circ. 

 ().t pp. 16. fifjs. 12). — During the past 2 or 3 years the grape berry worm has 

 been an unusually serious pest in Ohio, and along the shore of Lake Erie has 

 caused the loss of about one-third of the grape crop. The eggs are minute 

 translucent bodies found on the skins of the grapes in the summer, and the 

 l)oint of entrance of the larvsc into the grape is surrounded by a patch of red- 

 dened skin. 



In order that the most effective remedies should be directed against the first 

 brood, operations should l>egin during the fall, consisting of clean cultivation, 

 the destruction of all trash about the vineyard, and thorough plowing. The 

 authors are somewhat in doubt whether fall or spring plowing is best, but it 

 is found that as good results can be obtained by plowing as by burning. The 

 most important measure of all is believed to be spraying with arsenate of lead 

 or Paris green. The arsenate of lead should be used at the rate of 3 lbs. to 

 50 gal. of Bordeaux mixture. It is recommended that the first application be 

 made in early June, the second as soon as the grapes are thi'ough blooming, and 

 the third early in July. The cost of spraying an acre of grapes ranges from 

 $3.75 to .$5. 



Combating insects and other enemies of agriculture, E. Lafont [La Luttc 

 contrc Ic.s /n.sccfc.s cf Aiitrcs IJiuicini.s ilc V AtiriciiUiirc Purifi: Masson tC- Co. 

 [1906], pp. n.'i). — The usual remedies a(l()i)te(l in controlling insects are out- 

 lined with formulas for a large numlicr of insecticides and metliods of applying 

 them. The sul).ject-matter concerning specific injurious insects is .arranged 

 according to the plants upon which the insects depredate and includes insects 

 wliich have a wide range of food plants, iind cnciuies of cereals, forage plants, 

 garden vegetables, small fruits, and orchards. 



The method for destroying larvae in tree plantations, Euerhardt (Compt. 

 Rend. Acud. Sd. \l'(iri.s]. ].',', i IH07). \o. 2. pp. 95-98). — Difficulties are every- 

 where experienced in coml^ating tlic larva- of l»eetles and other insects whicii 

 bore in the twigs and trunks of trees. Such larva* cause enormous losses in 

 Indo-China. especially in plantations of tea, nuilberries, and oranges. 



In fighting these pests the author reconnnends that the larva- be removed by 

 iiieans of a knife and that the wounds be subsciiuently treated with an anti- 



