\'l'/rKI!li\AH\' MEDICINE. 778 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Special pathology and therapy of domestic animals, F. Hutyra and .7. 

 -Makkk (.s'/>r-/f//r J'(itli(>l(>(/ic uikI Tli(i(ii>ic dcr Haustiere. ■Jena: Giistav 

 J'iscfifi; WO.'), vol. 1, PI). Xl+Hl,i. ph. .i. /i!/f<. l.i^; 1906. vol. 2. pp. X+971, flf/s. 

 l.hS). — The I)asis of this work was first pul)lished hi Iluusarian by the senior 

 .-lutliur. 



In its ])r('S('nt form it covers in j;reat detail the essential points in eonni^e- 

 tion with all of the common diseases affecting farm animals. The subject 

 matter is arranged according to the usual systematic plan, viz, infectious 

 diseases of general, exanthenialic, or local character, and of an acute or chronic 

 natnre. whether caused i>.v bacteria or i)rotozoa, and organic diseases classified 

 according to the part or structnres affected. The etiology, pathology, and 

 treatment of thes(> dis(>ases ar(> thoronghly discussed and well illusti'ated. 



Notes on blood-serum therapy, preventive inoculation, and toxin and 

 serum diagnosis for veterinary practitioners and students, W. Jowett 

 {Chiviifio: ir. T. Keener d- Co.. 1007. pp. VII-\-20.'i, figs. 7/7).— The subjects 

 discussed in this volume have, within recent years, assumed such importance 

 and made such great advancement in practical ajiplication in the diseases of 

 animals that a handbook covering the technical details of this work was 

 needed for laboratory investigators and veterinary practitioners. 



The present volume contains an account of the three prominent theories 

 of innmmity. methods of conferring immunity, diseases due to ultravisible 

 virus, diseases cansed by the protozoa, and diagnosing by means of toxins and 

 serums. The essential points are presented in a remarkably clear and concise 

 manner and convey effectively the information which the laboratory worker 

 or i)ractitioner needs along this line. 



Killing and attenuating micro-organisms by chemically indifferent bodies, 

 E. Levy et al. (Cenibl. Bald, \ctv.^. 1. Ahf.. Ori(/., ',2 (1006). No. 3, pp. 265- 

 270). — In most schemes of attenuation materials or methods are used which 

 may change the chemical comixisition of ih<' bacteria and may, therefore, render 

 them less capable of exercising a vaccinating elfect. The authors therefore 

 decided to test the effect of indifferent bodies in attenuating bacteria without 

 changing their chemical composition or interfering with their vaccinating 

 powers. For this purpose sugar and glycerin were selected, preference being 

 given to sugar on acccmnt of the fact that the bacteria in a sugar solution could 

 be readily dried at any desirable time. 



It was found in the experiments carried out by the authors that the attenu- 

 ating effect of either sugar or glycerin was considerably increased by maintain- 

 ing the cultiu-es in an apparatus in which they could be continually shaken. 

 In working with tubercle bacilli it was found that a temperature of 37° C. in an 

 80 per cent solution of glycerin was sufficient to produce a pronounced atteim- 

 ation within 5 days, (xuinea pigs were inoculated with tubercle bacilli which 

 bad been treated in this way and subsecpiently received cultures treated for 

 shorter periods ranging from 4 days down to 1 day. Animals treated in this 

 way were fonnd to be immune to fatal doses of virulent tubercle bacilli. 



The same method was tried with gland(M's bacilli, the organisms being shaken 

 for from l.S to 72 hours in an SO per cent glycerin solution at a temperature of 

 :'.7' ('. Large doses of glanders bacilli treated in this way produced a complete 

 immunity against 4 to 5 times the fatal dose of virulent glanders bacilli. The 

 first experiments were carried out on guinea pigs, but later 5 horses were 

 treated in the same way and jiroxed to be immune to glanders. 



The method will be tested on a number of other pathogenic organisms. 



