KUIIAL KN(iI.\i:Ki;iNG. 785 



f.K t tliMt till' tractive jiowiT (if a team may he as .m'rat as l,(Mi(i His. I"(n- a short 

 tiun', urados as heavy as 7 ikt cent are said to Ix' allowalilc. thus l're((iu;ntly 

 avoiding the necessity of constructing deep cuts. 



.V new tlieory is advanced as to t^lic cause of tlie hinding wliicii takes itlaco 

 wiieii a brolcen stoui' mad is roUed and spriuliled. it being claimed fliat tiie 

 surface tension of water in tlie capiUaiy voids of the screenings is tiie true 

 iiinding agent, from wliich it is argued that there should ite c()nsiderai)h' tine 

 (lust in the liinder. Certain econnmics in tlie construction of macadam roads 

 are i>ointed out. and the laws under wliicii roads are imilt ai-e briefly discussed. 



Corn-harvesting machinery, ('. .1. Zimiieo ( T. <S'. licjil. I'/'.. 0/;/rc /<;./•/>/. 

 Stdx. Bill. IIA. pp. '/N. pis. '/. f'l/s. .!'i). — In this bulletin the author reviews the 

 liistorv (if corn-liarvesting maciiinery. tracing the development of tlie jiri'sent 

 types of machinery from the earliest inventicms and appliiinces and di.seussing 

 the various methods of harvesting corn in use at present. 



The several machines for cutting and shocking corn are described and data 

 are given as to their draft, cost, and oi)erating expenses. Some of the objec- 

 tions and advantages of the corn jiickers which have been invented from tim-' 

 to time are briefly touched upon. Cutting and shredding machines and buskers 

 and shredders are described and their operation from the standpoint of safety 

 of the operator is gone into with some detail. Following this tlie author takes 

 up the economics of corn-harvesting problem, and gives data (jn the cost of 

 harvesting by hand and machines, the cost of filling silos, and of shredding 

 and jirejiaring fodder. 



lu conclusion, the author states that " the best way to preserve the greatest 

 quantitj" of food materials of the original corn fodder for feeding of farm 

 animals is by means of the corn harvester, ensilage cutter, and the silo. The 

 cost of placing 1 acre of corn in the silo is about the same as that of an acre of 

 cured fodder. . . . 



"By the use of the proper m;ichiiier.\' for harvesting the corn crop, the 

 farmer ma.v increase the net income from liis crop $8.72 per acre over hand 

 nu^thods of harvesting the ears and wasting the stalks and still allow full 

 jirice for the use of the different machines." 



Cost notes on a reinforced-concrete silo {Eiigiii. Rec. .'I'l (t'JOG). .Yo. .i2. 

 I>. (Hn. p;/s. .i ) . — A cylindrical-shaped silo recently built at ^McLean. 111., has 

 the following dimensions: Height, including footing. 2S ft.: inside diameter. 

 22 ft. :-> in. : thickness of wall, in. ; footings extend 2 ft. below ground level 

 and are U in. thick : total quantity of concrete 38.2 cu. yds. 



The silo was built up by the aid of forms consisting of 2 concentric rows of 

 T-shaiied jiosts held erect by gu.vs, each row supporting two thicknesses of 

 weatherboarding. which in turn formed the backing of the curbing. The latter 

 consisted of 2 in. by 8 in. sticks 4 ft. long, supported vertically and which were 

 removed after tlie com[>letion of each successive section of the work b.v loosening 

 the rings from the posts, the rings then lieing moved up to the next section, the 

 curbing replaced, and more concrete tilled in. The work jirogressed at the rate 

 of 4 ft. verticall.v per day. the forms being filled in the afternoon and moved up 

 the following forenoon. The work was done by farm laborers hired by the 

 month and required 100 man-days of sucU. labor. A mason spent 7 days at 

 $8.i50 per day brushing and troweling the surface. The concrete used was in 

 the proportion of one of cement to six of sandy gravel, the former costing 

 ."^KiO. the latter .$35. The reinforcing consisted of ten iron hoops (2J by fc, 

 in.) equally spaced in the lower half of the strticture. In the upper half 1 

 ring of 4 ft. woven wire fencing was jilaced in each section. The total cost 

 of reinforcing was $5.20, which does not include the hoops, or the new lumber 



