ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 851 



prosont (listribiitioii. Tho moth is now known to occur in .MMssacIuisotts, New 

 Iliunpshiiv, Maine, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 



The insect is described in its different stages and notes are jiivcn on its inju- 

 rious attacks, natural enemies, and artificial remedies. Sonu; of the main 

 features of llic present Massachusetts law for the control of the gipsy moth 

 ar(> reproduced and a brief ontline is given of the work of the Federal (Jov- 

 ernment iu this direction. 



The California tussock moth, W. H. Volck {California ^ta. Bnh 183, pp. 

 ix'.f-.il'i, fii/x. 77). — llniicrDcnnipa vetusta has been unusually injurious to apple 

 trees in the I'ajaro Valley and elsewhere in California' during the past few- 

 years, especially in ]!)()"). The damage was most severe where the egg masses 

 had not been picked off and destroyed during the previous year. In orchards 

 where this precaution was takeu the loss was 2:5.5 per cent, as compared with 

 Oo.G per cent in untreated orchards. 



The pest in question lives on live oak, lupin, ai)i)le, and cherry trees as well as 

 other plants. There is one generation annually. The egg masses are laid 

 near buds and the larvfe burrow into the fleshy tisa|e or the fruit. The only 

 parasites obtained by the author were tachina flies,'^DUt the eggs are attacked 

 by a minute parasite. 



rreliminary experinifuts showed that this insect is very resistant to arsenical 

 jioisons. The larvie live for several weeks after feeding on foliage sprayed with 

 arsenate of lead at the rate of 3 to G lbs. per 50 gal. of water. On account of 

 the heavy coating of hair the caterpillars are difhcnlt to kill by contact insecti- 

 cides. Whale-oil soap killed some of them, but kerosene was apparently harm- 

 less. The best methods of control seem to be picking off the egg masses as 

 soon as the leaves fall in the autumn and the use of sticky bands about the 

 trunks of infested trees. 



The San Jose scale problem in Ohio, 1906, A. F. Burgess (Ohio Dept. Agr., 

 Div. Xiirscri/ and Orchard Insp. Bui. 8, pp. 30, pis. 7, figs. 3). — As a result of 

 his experience with San Jose scale in Ohio, the author i-ecommends that all 

 infested orchards should be carefully pruned and sprayed before the leaves 

 appear in the si)ring. For large orchards lime-sulphur wash is considered best 

 and cheaix'st, while in small city lots or on individual trees proprietary miscible 

 oils give good ivsults. 



Report of remedies tested to control the San Jose scale and the codling 

 moth, 1902 to 1906, A. F. Burgess (Ohio Dept. Agr., Div. Nursery and 

 Orchard In.'^p. Bid. 9, pp. 36). — Formulas are given for the preparation of the 

 various insecticides which were used in combating San Jose scale and codling 

 moth and the results obtained in the casd of both insects are presented in a 

 tabular form. 



The author concludes that lime-sulphur wash made according to the fornuila 

 1-1-3 is the most satisfactory and cheapest insecticide which can be used against 

 the San Jose scale. Thoroughness should be observed, however, in its applica- 

 tion in order to protect fruit from becoming sjjotted with excessive infestation. 

 The longer this treatment is continued the better the results which are obtained. 



In spraying for codling moth it was found that the cost per tree averaged 

 about 5 cts. when Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead were used in a mix- 

 ture costing li cts. per gallon. The author believes that the first spraying is 

 the most important and the late July spraying next in importance. Little dif- 

 ference was observed in the effectiveness of the arsenical poison whether Bor- 

 deaux mixture was added or not. Arsenate of lead is considered more satis- 

 factory than Paris green. 



The value of ladybird larvae, I'. Boekeu (Arh. K. liiol. Anxt. Land u. 

 Forstic, J (li)0(j), A'o. 5, p. 2S2). — Coccinella scptcnipunctata was fed on plant 



