870 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



According to the author, " frog ponds may be in any waste, marshy laud, pro- 

 viding water can be flowed through them, or any land whatever into which water 

 can be introduced from a stream or spring, preferably the former, because of a 

 usually higher temperature." For profitable frog culture the author believes 

 at least 3 acres are required, and this should be divided into about 10 ponds. 

 As the ponds are not all needed at the beginning, their construction may be 

 scattered over a period of 2 years. At the outset a small pond is required for 

 hatching eggs and developing the tadpoles, then ponds are needed for the 

 young frogs and for the 2-year olds and ;3-year olds. The ponds must be 

 fenced to prevent the frogs from escaping. 



The principal enemies are birds, snakes, eels, fishes, and the larvje of the 

 water beetle, the latter being especially dangerous. 



As regards food, tadpoles will eagerly devour any dead animal matter, but 

 ]jrefer fish. About 25 lbs. of fish per week is sufficient for the needs of 60,000 

 tadpoles. Fifteen to 20 lbs. of liver would also be sutticient for the same 

 number, but the liver nuist be fi'esh. The liver should be fed in small (|uanti- 

 ties, but the fish may be thrown into the water whole. After the legs develop 

 the quantity of food should be diminished. Fully developed frogs need live 

 feed and insects may be attracted to the ponds by ])lacing boards near the 

 edge smeared with masses of honey, and in similar ways. 



Other questions regarding the habits of frogs, feeding, rearing, etc., are also 

 discussed. 



DAIRY FARMING—DAIRYING— AGROTECHNY. 



Report on further experiments on the feeding of dairy cows at Offerton 

 Hall, C. li. .Jones (Diirlntin ('</uiity Coitiivil. IJd. ('oiii.. Offerton Bill. .L yy/>. 

 36). — This is a continuation of experiments previously noted (E. S. K., 17, p. 

 001) . 



Thr frediiif/ of coiicoitrutcd food on pasture (pp. .")-23). — Ten cows were 

 divided into 2 equal lots, one of which was pastured for 12 weeks without con- 

 centrated feed, while the other lot also pastured was fed 4 lbs. of concentrated' 

 feed daily during the first half of the experiment and S lbs. during the second 

 half. The experiment was repeated 1 year later. The results obtained dur- 

 ing the 2 years indicate, according to the author, that with average pasture 

 the advantage of feeding a supplementary grain ration of 4 to 8 lbs. as regards 

 the yield of milk is exceedingly small. The cost of the concentrated feed 

 was out of all proportion to the value of the increase in the yield of milk. 

 The quality of the milk was not appi'eciably affected. It is. therefore, con- 

 sidered uni)rofitable to feed cows more than enough food to keep them in a 

 thriving condition. 



The effect of breivers' {/rains on milk (pp. 23-30). — Two experiments are 

 reported, in each of which 2 lots of 5 cows were fed in turn for 8 weeks a daily 

 ration containing 20 lbs. of brewers' grains. The yield of milk was materially 

 increased by the brewers' grains, but the percentage of fat was thought to be 

 slightly reduced during the early part of the lactation period. There was no 

 appreciable effect on the solids-not-fat. in the milk nor on the live weight of 

 the cows. 



Grape pomace in the feeding of dairy cows, A. Marescalchi (Coltivatore, 

 53 (1907). \o. 11. pp. 33.'i-331). — The author discusses the composition and feed- 

 ing value of grape pomace, concluding that this material may be fed to the 

 extent of 10 kg. per head daily without injury to the health of the animals or 

 unfavorable effects on the milk iiroduetion. 



Remarkable difference in dairy cows, W. J. Fraser (Illinois *'/(/. ('irr. 



