942 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Vanilla, F. L. Tuero ih'cr. A(/r. [Saiifo Doiiiiiit/o], S (1907), \o. ;?//, pp. 

 30.3-.397). — An account of the sorting, grading, and packing of vanilla, together 

 with its chemical composition, uses, and advdteration, and estimates of the profits 

 of a vanilla plantation. 



The total cost iter hectare of vanilla is estimated as .$4( ;9.;:>5, and the gross 

 returns in products as .$1, <;;!(», leaving a net return of .fl,l(J0.G5. 



FORESTRY. 



Farm forestry, E. .J. Zavitz {Ontario Dcpt. A<ir. Hid. J.'i.'). pp. .'lO. flf/s. 27). — 

 This is a popular bulletin intended to aid the farmer in developing a rational 

 treatment of wooded lands and in reforesting waste portions of the farm. 



The subject is treated under 2 general headings, the woodlot and forest tree 

 planting. Under the woodlot the injury from fires and stock grazing are dis- 

 cussed, and directions are given for making the woodlot a permanent and paying 

 part of the farm. The pdi'tion devoted to forest tree planting deals with tree 

 planting in relation to the farm and the small landowner, including a discussion 

 of the choice of species with reference to their hardiness, rate of growth, nature 

 of soil, kind of wood crop desired, and availability of planting material. 



Directions are also given pertaining to nursery and planting methods, the 

 planting of swamp lands, planting clumps for protection of stoclv, storm protec- 

 tion belts, and planting along permanent fences. Lists are given of 72 trees 

 indigenous to Ontario, and of a large number of trees introduced from the United 

 States and other countries. 



The level of subsoil waters with, regard to forest, R. S. Pearson {Iiidlaii 

 Forester, 33 {1907), Ao. 2, pp. ,T7-6'S, pis. 3). — In order to determine the effect of 

 forest growth upon the level of subsoil waters as compared to cleared lands, 

 during 1904 and 190.5 the author took a series of readings both in and outside 

 the Mohulia forest in India. An outline, together with tabular data, is given 

 of these readings, as well as a description with charts of the results secured 

 from similar experiments by M. Ototzky in Russia (E. S. R.. 1(5, p. 672) and 

 M. Tolsky in Russia and M. Hem-y in Prance ( E. S. R., l."t, p. 12.1). 



Upon comparing the results of these experiments the author reaches the follow- 

 ing conclusions: In all cases the water levels inside the forests are lower than 

 those outside the tree influence during the same period. The water level is 

 steadier and the effect of rain is felt later inside the forest than outside. It has 

 been shown in Europe tliat the difference of the level is greater farther inside 

 than on the edge of the forest, and that old woods lower the level more than 

 j'oung woods. In India the eifect of a short rainfall in any given year takes more 

 than one normal rainfall to compensate the former deficiency. The amount of 

 rainfall in any locality has a marked influence on the difference of level in and 

 outside of forests. Thus, in a low rainfall area the difference of levels is 

 greater than where the rainfall is more abundant. 



Report of forest administration in the Andamans for 1905-6, F. Tkafford 

 {Rpf. Fons-f Adiniii. A inliniKiiis, 190.'>-i;. pp. 3.1). — This is a report of the prog- 

 ress of the year lOOH-fi in the State forests of the Andaman Islands, and includes 

 a discussion of the constitution and management of State foi'ests, the prepara- 

 tion of working plans, forest jtrotection, sylviculture, exploitation, etc.. together 

 with a financial statement of the year's work. The important features of the 

 work are presented in talmlar form. 



During the year n06,19S <mi. ft. of timber w<^ro extracted by government agency, 

 as compared with 49:'.,(;()1 en. fl. last year. Tlie surplus of revenue over and 

 above the expenditure was 230,5:!9 rupees, as compared with 247,843 rupees 



