95U EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



iuary indication of the (lisea^se, its presence being noticed only when the trees 

 are nearly dead, when they frequently bi'eak off at or just below the surface 

 of the ground. When the trees are examined the mycelium of the fungus 

 will be found present, and often the sporophores may be observed either on the 

 recently destroyed trees or on stumps that have persisted in the soil. 



As there does not seem to be any means for detecting the presence of the 

 fungus on young trees before they are dead, all remedial measures must be 

 directed to preventing further losses. It is suggested that the diseased roots 

 and lower portions of the trunks should be dug out and burned and trenches 

 dug aroinid the infected areas to prevent the fmigus spreading laterally. 



A plant tumor of bacterial origin, E. F. Smith and C. O. Townsend 

 (Science, n. ser., 25 {1901). yo. GJ/S, pp. 611-613). — For about 2 years the 

 authors have been carrying on studies of a tumor or gall which occurs on the 

 cultivated marguerite, or Paris daisy. From diseased material the authors 

 have succeeded in isolating bacteria, carried them through cultures, and by 

 means of inoculation experiments have produced galls on other plants. 



In some of their experiments 100 per cent of the inoculations gave positive 

 results, while check plants, punctured but not inoculated, healed normally and 

 remained free from galls. In addition to the marguerite the bacteria were 

 found to develop small tumors in a few weeks on the stems of tobacco, tomato, 

 and potato plants and on the roots of the sugar beet. It was also found that 

 galls closely resembling the young stages of crown gall were produced on the 

 roots of peach trees by needle pricks introducing this organism. The prelimi- 

 nary experiments have not been carried sufficiently far to enable the authors to 

 say positively that their organism is the cause of the destructive crown gall of 

 the peach, but the indications seem to point that way. 



The organism causing these tumors has been designated as Bacterium tinitf^- 

 facicnti n. sp., and a technical characterization of it is given. 



Ray blight, a new chrysanthemum disease, F. L. Stevens {Ahs. in ,^cie)wc. 

 II. ser., 25 {1901), No. 63'/, p. 291). — In a brief abstract the author reports hav- 

 ing received specimens of chrysanthemums affected by a blight in which the 

 ray flowers of the head were conspicuously attacked. The fungus, whi'^'h 

 belongs to the genus AKCochyta, is api)arently undescribed. It also occurs on 

 the stems. It was rei)eatedly isolated by plate cultures, and inoculation experi 

 nients conducted showed no difficulty in prodwcing typical cases of disease. 



Copper fungicides, E. Rabate {Jour. Affr. Prat., iu ser., 13 {1901), No. 11. 

 pp. 331-33 'i). — The author discusses the I'elative efficiency of various fungi- 

 cides, the comparative value of liquid and dry forms, and gives formulas for 

 the preparation of many of the fungicides in common use, together with direi'- 

 tions for testing their acidity, after which he discusses the proper quantities to 

 be used, as shown by observations regarding efficiency, cost of material, diffi- 

 culty of application, etc. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Experimental zoology, T. II. Morgan {New York and London: The Mac- 

 viillan Co., 1901, pp. XII+.'i5Jf, pis. 2, figs. 26).— Attention is called to the fact 

 that the vast majority of zoologists have been and still are doing observational 

 and descriptive work. The author believes that in point of development 

 zoology is far behind chemistry and physics. This is believed to be largely 

 due to the small amount of experimental work which has been carried on by 

 zoologists. The advantages of the experimental method as ajiplied to zoology 



