966 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



" Of 13 samples of cotton-seed meal examined, only one was found to be 

 'prime' or up to the standard of 41.2 per eeut protein set by the Cotton-seed 

 Crushers' Association. The samples below grade are heavily loaded with cotton- 

 seed hulls, which brings the protein content from 1 to 3.5 per cent below 

 guarantee. 



" The by-products of the wheat flour industry vary greatly, according to the 

 process of milling. The quality of the output from a number of mills also 

 fluctuates according to the other grains that are being ground whose inferior 

 offal is run into the wheat by-products. Fluctuations may be due to other 

 adulterating materials at band. 



"The average of our analyses of the mill feeds sold in Iowa show that most 

 of these products are below the standards of those manufacturers who stamp 

 their guarantees on the sacks containing their feeds. . . . 



" It is a common practice to run scourings, corn hulls and offal, oat hulls and 

 the hulls of weed seeds into the bran. The ground weed seeds and screenings 

 have been run into the shorts. The effect that this practice has on the quality 

 of the bran and shorts depends upon the extent of the adulteration. At a few 

 mills where such admixtures were made, it was possible to get samples of pure 

 shorts and bran direc-t from the duster, and other samples from the packer at 

 which the sacking of these Ijy-produets for shipment was made. In some 

 instances the differences in i)rotein content were as great as two per cent. 



"At some mills a system of ' padding ' is carried on ; that is, a sack is partially 

 filled with shorts and the balance of the sack filled with bran. The whole is 

 then sold at shorts prices. Sweepings from the floor are also used as padding. 



" Corn and oat chop is one of the most widely used feeds in the State and 

 one that shows the greatest variety of composition. Many local millers com- 

 plain that they ciin not buy corn and oats and grind them at a profit in com- 

 petition with the brands of this product that are shipped in from outside their 

 vicinity. These ' shipped-in ' chops invariably contain oat hulls, light oats, 

 ground cob, and milling offal that render it possible for them to be offered at 

 a figure the local grinder can not touch." 



Condinaental stock foods and tonics, L. (i. Michael and H. O. Buckman 

 {loiia iS7«. Bill. Sl\ Pi). ,^.s, /?(/. J). — A large number of foods and tonics were 

 examined and found to consist of common drugs usually with the addition of 

 some inexpensive material as a filler. 



According to the authors, there is a great sameness in these compounds 

 "claimed to work wonders with stock. Common salt, sulphur, charcoal, pepper, 

 and gentian predominate among the useful drugs while the non-medicinal 

 fenugreek is onuiipresent. Any particular stock food may have certain otlier 

 ingredients ])redominating ; but variations from these few drugs are of little 

 importance medicinally. There are only a few over two score of different suit- 

 stances that can be used in such mixtures." 



The cost of manufacturing stock foods and tonics " does not warrant the 

 manufacturer charging for them such exorbitant jirices. The great bulk (one- 

 half or more) is made up of some common feeding-stuff that markets at not more 

 than $1.50 per 100 lbs. (in one instance ground pine bark was used). About 

 one-tenth is common salt and another one-tenth is charcoal. This leaves three- 

 tenths to be made up of such simple drugs and remedies as anise, sulidiur. 

 ginger, red pepper, sassafras, and the like." 



A fornnda for condition powders is (pioted and modifications suggested which 

 will enable the farmer to prepare a homemade stock food, if he wishes to use 

 such material. 



