1086 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



killed by liigli tempeniture. The experiments along this line fail to give satis- 

 factory results and indicate that immunity can not be brought about by the 

 method in question. 



Fowl plague, ('. Depperich {Fortschr. Ic/. Hj/g., .} (1907), No. 10, pp. 

 217-226; 11. pp. 2'i'i-2'>0). — A number of experiments were made in artificial 

 inoculation with this disease. The literature of this sub.lect is critically 

 reviewed and notes are given on the commonly observed pathology. It has 

 been impossii)le thus far to demonstrate the micro-organism of the disease, but 

 all experiments indicate that it is ultra-microscopic in size. 



The use of diphtheria antitoxin in the treatment of roup, P>attier (Conipf. 

 Ucinl. ,sv>c. Biol. [I'arlsl, 61 (1<)06), No. S7, pp. 60.1, 6i>6).— In an outbrealv of 

 rou]) among fowls the author tested diphtheria antitoxin such as is used in 

 human cases of this disease. The results were very satisfactory in all cases. 

 The dose used was 1 cc. The author was able by this means not only to check 

 the spread of the disease, but to bring about a cure in affected birds. These 

 experiments raise again the question regarding the possible relationship 

 between roup and human diphtheria. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Small reservoirs in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota, F. C. Herr- 

 mann (C7. ,S'. Dept. Agr., Office K.rpf. *s7f/.s'. Bui. 179, pp. 100, pis. S, figs. 13).— A 

 large area of the arid land in the Western States can only be reclaimed by 

 comparatively small irrigation plants erected by settlers with limited means and 

 making use of the small torrential streams, which are dry a greater part of the 

 year. These small systems must include reservoirs of capacity sufficiently 

 large to accumulate as much as possible of the flood flow of the stream and in 

 many instances their i)roper construction requires greater engineering skill 

 and attention than can be given by the settlers or county siu'veyor. Many 

 small reservoirs are now planned or under construction to fulfill the require- 

 ments of the Desert Land Act and the settlers undertaking these constructions 

 are in need of professional advice which their restricted means and the remote- 

 ness of the work prevent their securing. The author has therefore undertaken 

 to provide a manual for such settlers, and in t'ritically discussing existing res- 

 ervoirs and the problems connected Mith resci-voir construction offers many 

 suggestions which should 1)0 heliiful to tliem. 



A large number of small reservoirs in northeastern Wyoming, western South 

 Dakota, and southeastern Montana were personally visited by the writer, and 

 each reservoir is discussed from the standpoint of construction and cost, defects 

 where existing being pointed out, and the profits accruing through the use of 

 stored water being given where data could be secured. The most obvious defect 

 in the reservoirs visited was a lack of ample wasteway capacity, and in the light 

 of this fact the author develops a method of computing the size of wasteway 

 based upon the intensities of storms likely to be found on the watersheds of 

 the reservoirs in the section considered. 



From records of the Weather Bureau diagrams are drawn showing the 

 intensities of storms of different lengths and the run-off for a factor of 2.1 per 

 cent, although it is stated that " with the catchment area well saturated it varies 

 from about 18 per cent for the 2-hour storms to about 80 per cent for 5-minute 

 storms, though this variation is not luiiform." From this data a concrete case 

 is cited and the necessary capacity of the wasteway is determined, the example 

 illustrating the great importance of the effect of short but severe storms wliicli 

 fre(iuently occur in the lociility under discussion. 



The design and construction of dams and wasteways suitable for small reser- 



