HORTICULTURE. 1131 



Strawberries and their history, Count ok Solms-Laubach (Bot. Ztj/., 1. 

 Aht.. do [I'.un), \(is. .i-'i, I)/), l-lli). — This is an historical study of the litera- 

 ture of the stniwherry in resi)ect to its botany, classification, and d('V(>l()i)ment 

 of various forms, to>,'etlier with an extensive bihlioj^raphy. 



As a result of this study tlic .lutlinr concludes that there are 7 real species 

 of strawberries, which may be classed under 'A i)rinci])al jjjroups. The Fraijaria 

 huge iihach hum is l)elieved to be a natural cross of /''. collina and F. vesca. 

 /•'. grand iftDii! (the pine strawl)erry) is believed by the author to have developed 

 in Europe as the result of the cultivation of hybrids of /•'. chilocnsis and /''. vir- 

 (/iiiidint. conti'ai-y to the opinion of I'ailey, who classes /•'. finnaJifloni as the 

 variety Ananassa of /■'. chUoi'iisis. 



Fundamental principles of modern viticulture, C. IIucaiKS (Rirlslu, .'/. 

 .s( /■.. /./ ( lUOl), .Vo. iK pp. I!).^-.iOI)). — The author is of the opinion that modern 

 Krape jirowin^r depends upon the establishment of plantations with pure Ameri- 

 can graft-stocks or direct-bearers, esi)ecially in the production of table grapes. 

 Consideration is given to the establishment of vineyai'ds and selections of 

 varieties for different soils, the use of chemical fertilizers and cover crops, and 

 pruning as affecting the quantity and quality of the crop. The methods of plant- 

 ing, cultivation, and subseiiuent care are also discussed from an economic 

 standpoint. 



Reconstitution of the Algerian vineyards with plants resistant to phyl- 

 loxera, K. ^■IVET (BuL Agr. Ah/rric ct Tiniixic. J.i { 1!)U1 ) , \os. 7. pp. /7/-i.S.7.- 

 S, i>i). .20'i-2ll; 9, pp. 229-230, ftg.s. 3). — This article is introduced by an account 

 of tlie destruction of Algerian vineyards by phylloxera and the attempt to rees- 

 tablish them by the use of American vines. It consists priucipally of practical 

 suggestions for the grape growers of the afflicted regions on the various phases 

 of viticulture. Part 1 deals with a discussion of suitable varieties both of 

 graft-stocks and direct bearers with respect to the different kinds of soil, includ- 

 ing a stud.v of the pure American species, American hybrids, and French-Amer- 

 ican hybrids. Part 2 consists of a discussion of nursery and seed-bed practices, 

 including various methods of propagation and grafting, methods of i)lanting, 

 and sui)se(|U(.'nt cai"e. 



The export of table grapes, C. M. Milan (I'rog. Agr. ct Mt. (Ed. I'Est), 

 28 {1907), Ao. IS, pp. ,5;J5--5.J.S).— Prior to 1904 it is stated that the bulk of 

 French table grapes was disposed of in Paris, whereas in 190G over 2,000 tons 

 were exported to various Eurojjean countries. The author gives suggestions to 

 grape growers for the increase of this export trade by the selection of varieties 

 of a good quality and recommends a list of desirable varieties for planting in 

 different locations. 



The importance of silica in viticulture, Oueklin (7?rr. Mt., 27 (1907). Xo. 

 69(j, pp. Ji25-.'f3()). — In the present article the author discusses the importance 

 of the soil as a factor in the determination of the quality of wines, with special 

 regard to its content of soluble silica, and cites many examples to show that 

 the vineyards producing the mon; noted wines of France and Germany are 

 grown (m soils containing a considerable content of silica. The production of 

 high-grade wines on soils whicli have a low silica content is said to be i-estricted 

 to a few especially adapted varieties of grapes. 



lu order to confirm his belief that the presence of silica has an important 

 effect on the qualitj' of w^ne, the author has conducted several experiments, 

 the first of which was attempted in 1S8() and 1887, in which powdered sodium 

 silicate was used as a fertilizer. As compared with the check, the must pro- 

 duced from vines grown on the fertilized plat was shown to have its density 

 increased to the extent of 10 degrees. In 1889 the use of potassium silicate 



