ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOC V. 1145 



The apple woolly aphis and remedial measures. Green apple leaf aphis 

 and remedies, U. I. Smith ((la. Ud. JJiil. Jiiil. .?.;. jip. '/S'. /if/s. ID). — A coiuii.-rr- 

 isou of viirioiis remedies for the woolly uphis showed that kerosene eiiiuision 

 used at a stren.i^th of IT) per cent is most effective. In api)l.vinfi lliis remedy 

 tiie soil should be r«>moved to a de])th of '2i to '.'> in. nninnd llie trunks of trees 

 and the kerosene emulsion api)Iied directly to the snil. For small trees the 

 area thus treated ina\' he .". ft. in (liaineler. and for this from 2i to 3 gal. of kero- 

 .scne (Muulsion would he retiuired. For larj;er ti-ees with roots spreadiiifi :> or 4 

 ft. in all directions, soil should be removed from a cii-cle of not less than 4 ft. 

 in diameter and from ."i to i\ <ral. of emulsion ajiiilied. In the case of trees from 

 I to 10 years of a.i;e this treatment will cost from 1 l<> S cts. per tree. One 

 ajpplication is sutHcienI fur a year, and two aitjilications in successive years will 

 I>ractically destroy the woolly ajihis. 



Less satisfactory results were obtained from tht> use of tobacco dust, tol)acco 

 stems, carbon bisulphid, and whale-oil soap. 



The ai)ple leaf aphis may be successfully controlled by sprayinj; with a tobacco 

 decoction pre])ared by boiling ."> lbs. of tobacco stems in .") gal. of water for 2 

 hours or by spraying with a 20 per cent kerosene enmlsion. 



Results obtained by Berlese and Silvestri in combating the olive fly, 

 CuBOXi (Bol. Qiiind. Soc. Af/r. Hal.. 12 (1D07). \o. 7. pp. 220-231) .—Tht- injuries 

 cau.sed by the olive fly have been successfully combated by the use of a unxture 

 containing (k) parts molasses, 31 of honey, 2 of glycerin, and 2 of arsenate of 

 soda. Before using, this stock mi.xture is diluted with 10 parts of water. 



Fruit fly, J. S. Jefferson (Jour. Drpt. Ayr. West. Aust., 15 {1901), 'No. 3, 

 lip. 161-lGG). — In combating this pest it is necessary ])i-omptly to remove and 

 destroy infested fruit in order to prevent the great nndtiplication of the fly. 

 I'.rief notes are given on the distribution of the fly in Western Australia and the 

 probable means by which it is accomplished. 



The fruit-tree leaf-roller, J. M. Stedman (Missouri Sta. Bui. 71. pp. 21. fh/s. 

 I'l). — Cucacia argyro-'^pUa fortunately does not occur every year in large num- 

 bers. In some cases the damage is excessive to all kinds of orchard trees. 



In the experiments carried out by the author it was found that the insect 

 has lint one brood annually, that the winter is passed in the egg stage on twigs 

 and small branches, and that the larvjip appear in May and feed upon the young 

 leaves and buds. These larvpe are partly protected by the leaves which they 

 fasten about them, but the thorough application of arsenate of lead just before 

 th(> blossoms open or just after they have fallen and hefoi-e the larvtie have 

 completed their leaf nest gives satisfactory results. 



The gipsy moth in Maine, E. F. IIitchings (Bui. Maine Dcpt. Af/r., 6 

 (1D07), Xo. 1, pp. 18. pis. 2, fir/s. 5). — A brief historical account is given of the 

 gipsy moth in the United States, and i)articularly in Maine, together with notes 

 on the habits and life history of the insect. The present status of the moth in 

 Maine is indicated, and a copy is given of the recent State law for the protection 

 of trees and shrubs and of the rules adopted by the commissioner of agriculture 

 in carrying out this law. 



Spiders and the nun moth, C. Loos (Crnlhl: Gesaiii. For.shr.. .i.l (lUOl"), 

 .\<i. 3. pp. 109-11.'). /?(/. 1). — Observations were made on the effectiveness of 

 si)iders in the destruction of the nun moth in its various stages. 



Phylloxera in Vatellina, G. Molon (Afir. Mod.. 13 (1!)07), Xo. 11, pp. 1.56- 

 l.')0, figx. ',). — The present status of the phylloxera in this region is briefly de- 

 scribed with notes on the methods which have been undertaken for its control. 



Three enemies of the cacao in Saint Thomas, M. Montet (Jour. Agr. Trap., 

 7 (1907), No. 70, pp. 106-109).— li\ the author's opinion the 3 worst enemies of 

 cacao in Saint Thom.-is are rats, white ants, and an unidentified insect borer. 



