VETERINARY MEDICINE. 1103 



Some trouble has been experienced in conibiiting glanders in Hawaii on account 

 of the failure of horse owners in the Islands to understand the action and value 

 of mallein. It is believed that glanders prevails to a large extent throughout the 

 Territory. 



Brief notes are also given on osteomalacia, osteoporosis, embolic colic in 

 horses and mules, redwater in cattle, sheep scab, epizootic lymphangitis, and 

 various diseases of dogs. 



Precipitin reaction as a means of distinguishing between tubercle bacilli 

 of human and bovine origin, A. Bonome (CcnIbJ. liakt. {etc], /. Aht., ()ri(/., 

 J/S {11)01), Ac*, .'t, PI). 391-Jf07). — The author's experin)ents and observations on 

 the phenomenon of the precipitation of tubercle bacilli with innnune sera 

 showed that the blood sera of animals or man affected with spontaneous cases 

 of tub(>rculosis have a precipitating power toward proteids from fn^sh tubercu- 

 lous tissue or toward proteid substances extracted from cultures of tubercle 

 bacilli. Occasionally normal serum has this power to a limited extent. The 

 precipitating power of the blood serum in a case of tuberculosis does not act in 

 the same manner toward material obtained from different animals which are 

 spontaneously affected with tuberculosis. Thus immune serum of tuberculous 

 luunan patients was found to be particularly active toward tubercle bacilli and 

 tuberculous material obtained from human beings. 



By means of this biological method of precipitation it is possible to distinguish 

 sharply between human and bovine tubercle l)acilli. 



The action of formaldehyde upon the tubercle bacillus and Staphylococcus 

 pyogenes aureus, G. Maktinotti (Cciitbl. Jiakt. [etc.], 1. Aht., Oruj., J/.i (IHUI), 

 No. 3, PI). 2.i6-257). — Tubercle bacilli, cultivated in agar and subjected to the 

 action of formaldehyde fumes, show a considerably greater resistance to these 

 fumes than does Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. It was found possible, how- 

 ever, not only to delay the development of tubercle bacilli by means of formalde- 

 hyde, but to destroy them entirely. 



The effect of toxins iipon tuberculous subjects in tuberculous products 

 sterilized by heat, V. (Jai.tieu (Jour. Mrd. Vft. et Zootccli., ,78 {]!)07), Mar., 

 pp. 1^'J-1S2). — The autlKn- considers it as demonstrated beyond question that 

 sterilized tuberculous products are not pathogenic and that the toxin contained 

 in them is not injurious to healthy animals or human beings. Experiments 

 with tuberculous dogs indicate clearly that the toxin contained in stt>rilized 

 tuberculous meat and other organs exercises no unfavorable effect upon the 

 l)rogress of the tubercular infection. 



Modes of tubercular infection in wild animals in captivity, W. R. Blaik 

 (Amer. Vet. Rer., SO (1907), No. 11, pp. 1299~130(>, pgs. 2).— The author has had 

 an extensive experience with diseases in captive animals in zoological ])arks 

 and gives special attention in this article to an account of tuberculosis in such 

 animals. It api^ears that in most cases of tuberculosis in monkeys avid other 

 captive animals, the disease was contracted before the animal reached the 

 zoological i)ark, probably while in the unsanitary quarters of dealers or in 

 unclean cars and transport vessels. The general character of tuberculous lesions 

 found in monkeys agrees closely with those in human beings and the infection 

 usually appears first in the cervical and bronchial lymph nodes. 



Tuberculosis in chickens positively identified in New York, S. II. Bur- 

 nett {Amer. Vet. Rev., 30 {1907), No. 11, pp. 1312-131',. fuis. -'/).— A short 

 accoimt is given of an outbreak of tuberculosis in a flock of poultry together 

 with notes on the pathological lesions observed. It appears from the study of 

 this outbreak that tuberculosis nnist be quite generally distrilnited in poultry, 

 but it was impossible to trace the source of infection. 



