NO. 1 OSBURN : EASTERN PACIFIC BRYOZOA CHEILOSTOMATA 89 



Genus CHAPPERIA Willey, 1900 



Willey 1900:5, (to replace C hap eria Jullien 1881, preoccupied). 



This genus has been the subject of much controversy and I shall not 

 be able here to settle the disputed points. Jullien's brief description is as 

 follows: "Two internal calcareous plates, with extremities fixed and 

 serving for the insertion of the retractor muscles of the operculum" 

 (transl. by Canu and Bassler). These plates lie beneath the anterior 

 part of the opesia and usually fuse at their distal ends, sometimes form- 

 ing a curved shelf. Spines, usually very strong, are present on the distal 

 rim. Avicularia usually present, more or less fused with the distal rim. 

 The operculum, usually well chitinized, occupies much of the opesia. 

 The ovicell is prominent, conspicuous even among the spines, hyper- 

 stomial and somewhat cucuUate. Genotype, Flustra acanthina Quoy and 

 Gaimard, 1825. 



Key to Species of Chapperia 



1. Zooecia large (0.70 to 0.85 mm long), red or brownish, the 



mural rim widely flared patula 



Zooecia moderate in size, not over 0.60 mm long 2 



2. Spines and frontal processes fuse to form a cover above the 



opesia frontalis 



Spines simple, not fused, more or less erect 3 



3. Spines very elongate and erect ; avicularia elevated on tall pedi- 



cels; no pigment longispina 



Spines not usually long, curved or straight 4 



4. Heavily red or brown pigmented; spines stout, proximal pair 



curved over opesia; opesia broader than long; "cardelles" 



large condylata 



Slightly brown or not at all pigmented ; spines straight ; opesia 



longer than broad; "cardelles" wanting calif ornica 



r^j Chapperia patula (Hincks), 1881 

 Plate 10, figs. 1 and 2 



Membrantpora patula Hincks, 1881 :150. 



Memhranipora patula, Robertson, 1908:263. 



Chapperia galeata, Canu and Bassler, 1923:52 (part, PI. 34, figs. 9, 10). 



Memhranipora patula, O'Donoghue, 1923 :25. 



Amphiblestrum patulum, O'Donoghue, 1926:37. 



The zoarium forms rough, reddish brown or reddish purple incrusta- 

 tions on almost anything that will afford attachment, occasionally even 

 on stems; loosely attached, the dorsal side with rough protuberances 

 which have no regularity. The zooecia are large, 0.70 to 0.85 mm long 

 by 0.50 to 0.75 mm wide, ogival in form, the mural rim on the sides 

 expanded, somewhat saucer-shaped, and the distal rim much raised and 



