NO. 1 OSBURN: eastern pacific BRYOZOA CHEILOSTOMATA 151 



Synnotum aegyptiacum (Audouin), 1826 •'^ 



Plate 13, fig. 5 

 Loricaria aeffyptiaca Audouin, 1826:243. 

 Synnotum aviculare, Robertson, 1906:286. 



The zoarium spreads in small loose colonies among hydroids, bryozo- 

 ans, algae, etc. ; inconspicuous and probably frequently overlooked. The 

 zooecia are small, about 0.40 mm long, delicate and little calcified, the 

 area occupying nearly all of the front; attached in pairs back to back, 

 a basal prolongation of each pair extending proximally to the second 

 zooecium below. A small sessile avicularium at one or both distal corners, 

 and occasionally a stalked avicularium arising distally on the dorsal side 

 of one or both members of a pair. The stalked avicularia are short and 

 bulbous, with a short hooked beak and very short hooked mandible. 

 Radicle fibers also arise at the distal ends of the zooecia. No spines, 

 no ooecia. 



Distributed around the world in warmer water, usually recorded as 

 S. avkulare Pieper. Robertson recorded it from off San Pedro and San 

 Diego, California. 



Hancock Stations: 881-38 and 1281-41, Santa Rosa Island, and 1219- 

 40, San Nicolas Island, Cahfornia; 577-36, Isla Partida, and 1072-40 

 and 1074-40, off Rocky Point, Sonora, Mexico; 847-38, southwest of 

 Zorritos Light, Peru. Shore to 45 fms. A rather common shorewise species 

 along the coast of southern California. 



Family Bicellariellidae Levinsen, 1909 

 The genera included in this family are usually erect, occasionally 

 more or less recumbent or even loosely encrusting; biserial, sometimes 

 uniserial or multiserial. They are usually well chitinized and but little 

 calcified. The zooecia take their origin from the dorsal side of the pre- 

 ceding zooecia in the series, so that the distal ends overlap more or less 

 the bases of the succeeding zooecia. The opesia are usually large, fre- 

 quently occupying the whole front, though the gymnocyst may be well 

 developed in many cases. The sides of the zooecia are frequently rolled 

 inward (turbinate). Spines, both terminal and lateral, are usually pres- 

 ent, and pedunculate avicularia are characteristic, though both spines and 

 avicularia may occasionally be wanting. 



Various authors, notably Canu and Bassler, have separated this 

 family into three, viz. Bicellariellidae, Bugulidae and Beaniidae, and the 

 writer accepted this procedure in his 1940 paper, "Bryozoa of Porto 

 Rico." Further study of the basic characters, however, leads me to the 

 conclusion that such a separation is unwarranted, and the analysis of the 



