154 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 14 



the median line, but a few species have them attached asymmetrically 

 (e. g. in the type species B. neritina) at the inner corner, and occasionally 

 they may be reduced to a small saucer-shaped cap. The mode of branch- 

 ing is also characteristic. In older colonies the lower branches are often 

 lost and the radicles pass downward for attachment, giving the appear- 

 ance of a stalk. 



Key to the Species of Bugula 



1. No avicularia. Zoarium coarse and reddish-purple, conspicuous. 



Zooecia large, aperture extending to base ; no spines but the 

 outer corner angulated ; ovicells large, set diagonally. . neritina 

 Avicularia present 2 



2. Avicularia attached near the base of the zooecia 3 



Avicularia attached higher up on the side 5 



3. Ovicell reduced, cap-like, in line with zooecial axis. . . . pacifica 

 Ovicell not reduced, turned at an angle to zooecial axis. ... 4 



4. Aperture extending to zooecial base; zooecia of the two series 



turned slightly inward minima 



Aperture about half of zooecial length ; zooecia of the two series 



facing slightly outward uniserialis 



5. Avicularia slender and elongate, half the zooecial length, longirostrata 

 Avicularia not unusually slender and elongate 6 



6. Zooecia biserial in arrangement 7 



Zooecia in more than 2 series 9 



7. Ovicell complete, globular californica 



Ovicell in the form of a hood or otherwise incomplete 8 



8. Ovicell well calcified, in the form of a hood cucullifera 



Ovicell largely membranous, zoarium soft and flaccid. . . mollis 



9. Distal end of zooecium truncate; ovicells prominent. . . flabellata 

 Distal end of zooecium rounded, usually with a small terminal 



knob; no ovicells pugeti 



,; Bugula neritina (Linnaeus), 1758 



Plates 23, fig. 3, and 24, fig. 3 

 Sertularia neritina Linnaeus, 1758 :38. 

 Bugula neritina, Robertson, 1905:266. 

 Bugula neritina, Hastings, 1930:704. 



The zoarium is rather coarse for a Bugula and often forms large 

 tufts 100 mm or more in height. The color, when mature, is dark reddish 

 purple. The zooecia are large, without spines except for the pointed pro- 

 cess at the outer distal corner, and there are no avicularia. The ovicells 

 are large, globular, attached at the inner corners of the zooecia, and they 

 are often so plentifully developed that they seem to form a series of small 

 beads along the branches. 



This, the type species of the genus, is also the best known. It appears 

 to be distributed everywhere in warmer waters along the shores. Along 



