14 



BERTRAM fi. SMITH. 



few of the foremost fishes, with shy, frightened movements, dart 

 rapidly down stream through the swift water of the regular 

 spawning grounds ; after the first reconnoissance they hurry back- 

 to rejoin the main body, and the entire school moves up stream. 

 This is repeated several times ; each time the band of more ven- 

 turesome fishes is increased in number, and a little later, on the 

 up-stream journey, they stop for a time to spawn on the pebbly 

 margin of the stream. Soon the entire school, in a compact 

 body, is spawning on the shallows. With their swift movements 



Fig. 4. Spawning grounds of Chrosotnus. Ihe shallow water near shore is oc- 

 cupied by a school of several hundred C/trosoinus ; some of these may be indistinctly 

 seen, in spawning position, at the surface of the water in the center of the picture. 



and brilliant colors, this writhing mass of several hundred fishes 

 affords a truly remarkable spectacle. 



Persistent attempts to photograph the spawning operations met 

 with poor success, a result due in part to the lack of a suitable 

 camera. Figs. 4 and 5 are reproductions of two of the many 

 views taken. 



This procedure of spawning en masse in shallow swift water 



