ATLANTIC SALMON 



25 



Scotland, just as some Norwegian fish may 

 arrive at the Scottish coast before they cross 

 back to Norway. The majority of the sal- 

 mon destined for the rivers of the east coast 

 of Scotland and England would seem to 

 enter the North Sea more probably north of 

 Shetland or by the Fair Island channel 

 rather than by the Pentland Firth, or more 

 fish would be seen and would be caught in 

 the neighborhood of the latter narrow chan- 

 nel. After they have entered the North Sea, 

 enough evidence has not yet been accumu- 

 lated to show whether the majority proceed 

 direct to the neighborhood of their river or 

 whether they do so by a circuitous route 

 which leads first down the deeper waters 

 away from the coast and then upwards from 

 a more southerly position than their final 

 destination. Some returns of fish marked 

 as kelts and recaptured when clean, to which 

 I have not referred in detail in this paper, 

 would suggest the latter course as a possi- 

 bility for at least some fish belonging to the 

 more northerly Scottish rivers. Other evi- 

 dence, to which I am also not able to refer 

 here, suggests that even the farther travelled 

 Scottish fish are returning to their native 

 rivers and are not making a merely chance 

 migration to an indefinite destination. 



Summary 



1. The salmon of the rivers emptying into 

 the Baltic Sea migrate to its southern part, 

 where they feed, and whence they return to 

 their rivers as grilse, or older fish. 



2. Salmon marked on the northwest and 



at the west end of the north coast of Scot- 

 land for the most part moved north and east, 

 some going down the east coast or even cross- 

 ing the North Sea to Norway. Compara- 

 tively few moved southward on the west 

 coast and to no great distance. 



3. Salmon marked on the west coast of 

 Norway moved as far south as the Swedish 

 coast and as far north as the White Sea, with 

 some crossing southwestward to Great Brit- 

 ain. 



4. Salmon in the Baltic migrate as far as 

 800 miles, and on the European coast as far 

 as 1,600 miles. The apparent rates of travel 

 are greater to distant places, and the aver- 

 age rate may be as high as 45 miles, or per- 

 haps even 60 miles per day. 



5. The facts are not inconsistent with a 

 feeding ground for salmon at some indeter- 

 minate distance to the west of Norway and 

 Great Britain. 



Eeferences Cited 



Alm, Gunnar. 1934. Salmon in the Baltic Pre- 

 cincts. Kapports et Proces-Verbaux des Ee- 

 unions. International Council for the Explora- 

 tion of the Sea. Vol. XCII. 



Calderwood, W. L. Fisheries, Scotland, Salmon 

 Fisheries. 1913, I; 1914, III; 1915, I; 1921, I; 

 1922, I. 



Dahl, Knut and S0mme, S. Experiments in Sal- 

 mon Marking in Norway, 1935; 1936; 1937. All 

 in the series Skr. utg. av. Det Norske Vid.-Akd. i 

 Oslo, I Matem.-Naturv. 



Menzies, W. J. M. Fisheries, Scotland, Salmon 

 Fisheries, 1937, I ; 1938, I. 

 All papers by Calderwood and Menzies are in the 



Salmon Fisheries Series of the Fishery Board for 



Scotland. 



