50 



Atomic Radiatio7j and Oceanography and Fisheries 



oxygen of about 0.3 ml/L over the last twenty 

 years. Assuming a steady rate of attrition he 

 computes that the date at which this water was 

 saturated, presumably while at the surface, was 

 about 1810. A further study (Worthington, 

 1955) suggests that the Caribbean Deep Water 

 was formed at the same time. Thus it seems 

 possible that formation of the North Atlantic 

 Deep Water, which composes about half of 

 the contents of the Atlantic, is not continuous 

 but sporadic. 



3. Carbon- 14 dating: In recent years the tech- 

 niques of carbon-l4 age determination have 

 been applied to deep sea water samples. The 

 most reliable measurements (Rubin, unpub- 

 lished), of samples from east of the Lesser 

 Antilles, show the carbon at 1750 meters to be 

 about 200 years older than the surface carbon. 



Present estimates of the age of deep waters 

 are based primarily on measurements in the 

 North Atlantic and on geochemical calculations 

 for the entire world ocean. That the deep cir- 

 culation of the Pacific is significantly slower 

 than that of the Atlantic is suggested by the 

 apparent absence of regions of deep and bottom 

 water formation in the Pacific and the rela- 

 tively high nutrient salt content and low dis- 

 solved oxygen content of deep Pacific waters. 

 In order to determine whether the deep waters 

 of the Pacific would provide a longer period of 

 isolation for radioactive wastes than elsewhere, 

 deep Pacific oceanographic data must be care- 

 fully scrutinized. 



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