VII. 



TISSUE CULTURE AS A PATHOLOUIUxAL 



METHOD. 



1. Sliidies ill Imnuinily and Related Phenomena. 



Most serologists assume, I believe, that the h€maloj)octic 

 ai)paratus is the place where the antibodies are luanii- 

 faclured. Already in 1901 Romer ^^s) suggested that the 

 lymphoid system was not the only place where antibodies 

 were |)ro(luced. By injecting abrin in conjunctiva of a rabbit 

 immunity coukl l)e obtained. V. Dungern ^^^) was able 

 also to obtain local immunity and he concludes thai the 

 production of antibodies is not reserved to s|)ecial cells 

 or organs, but that all tissue cells contribute. 



As early as in 1912 Carrel and I n g e b r i g t s c n '■'^) 

 demonstrated that tissue cells cultivated outside the body 

 had retained their property of reacting antigens by producing 

 antibodies. They cultivated guinea pig bone marrow and 

 lympli glands in guinea pig plasma. Goat blood was used 

 as an antigen, because it was not a I all hemolysed by 

 guinea pig serum. The cultures of lx)ne marrow containing 

 the goat blood, and their controls were incubated for five 

 days. Hereafter the presence of hemolysins was determined 

 in the fluid extracted from the culture medium. 



The extract from the cultures was mixed with a cerlain 

 suspension of blood cori)uscles and the hemolytic power 

 investigated in the usual way. 



The fluid of the cultures wliich contained goat blood 

 was now able to hemolvse markedlv uoat red blood cells. 



