Appendix 1. 



Useful Formulae 

 Chi(x): 



where a and e are the observed and expected numbers respectively 

 in any class, n is the total number of individuals in all classes and 

 S stands for summation over all classes. For two-class ratios with 

 an expectation of y:l 



, ^ (b - ycy 

 ^ y{b + c) 

 where b and c are the actual numbers observed in the two classes. 



Correlation Coefficient, (r) : 



S{dx ■ dy) 

 ^Sdx^ ■ Sdy' 

 dx = the deviation of the individual x variables from the mean of x 

 dy = the deviation of the individual y variables from the mean of y 

 S stands for summation over all classes. 



Genotypes, Number of. — The number of distinct genotypes 

 expected in F2 is given by calculating 3° where n is the number of 

 factor-pairs involved. In a backcross the number of genotypes 

 would be 2°. 



Homozygotes, Proportion of. — The percentage of homozygous 



individuals in a progeny is given by calculating 



- r 



i^r 



X 100 



where a is the number of generations of selfing or backcrossing 

 and n is the number of heterozygous genes. In selfing, following 

 crossing, this formula gives the percentage of homozygous indi- 

 viduals in any one generation, but these individuals will belong to 

 a number of different genotypes. In backcrossing, this formula 



