



'^. TJclit'iis 08 



4. Mosses 08 



:.. iii-iici- I'hiiiis 00 



\' I . M \V\\\'/A >A 71 



I. ( "nclciiierates 71 



-. llclmiiitlics 71 



:t. Kotilcrs 72 



1. Annelids 7:> 



:>. M.. Husks 74 



• i. An lii-o|i(i(ls 7.") 



7. Ani|»liil»i;i and Keptiles 82 



5. Fishes 80 



!>. I lonioidi lieinis 1)1 



PART II 



the physical states of protoplasm at 

 low temperatures 



pri:limi\.\ry chapter 

 /■'I \n\\ii:\r.\L rh'ixcii'LiJs or in:.\T coxni criox 



1. The ••riolMeni of ihe Wall." in llie Steady Stale KM 

 •2. The Pic.hleni of Ihe Wall, in the N'anable Stale.. ..107 

 :;. The rrohlein of the Coolinji' IJody 108 



CH APT Ely' f 

 EllEEZIMl. THE EPOZEX STATE 1 \ /> \/ELTI\(l 



\. IXITIATIOX OF CUVSTALLIZATION 112 



A. The F()U.\i.\'iio\ oi' ( 'm stai.lim-: XrcM'.i 112 



r>. TiiK Fi!i:i;zi.\(; INdXTS 1 14 



1. (MiHure Media liri 



2. i'lnnt .Inices IK; 



'.\. I'.lood and IJody FInids; linlividnal MilVei-ences ; 



Relation Itetween the l].\ternal and Internal 

 iMedinni 110 



4. Ixu^s ; SpeciHc Differences; Individual Differ- 

 ences; (V(]e in the Freezing Points of Develop 

 iiiji I'W ':. lis 



ri. IM-olojilasni 121 



0. Tissnes; Ijvin<>' and Dead Tissues; Intluence of 



Coolino; Velocity on Freeyanj;' Points; The Don 

 l)le Freezinii' Point of Ia\in<i Tissues 121 



II. KKodlMOSS Ol-^ ("KVSTALLIZATIOX 128 



A. Tin; (Iitow rii ok ('i;vstals 128 



l». TiiK JMi.vsii Si;i'.\i:.\ rio.x V.\2 



1. Solnllons and Snspensi(»ns K^.2 



