MS 



fococciis and (InhiiiKnids inoxiii.i;- alxml in i)aiiially frozen 

 (li'ojjs of watci', anions,- the ice ci-ystals. 



Acrordiiii*' lo llic same aiilhor, fully fio/cii ("viillig 

 oingofrorciie") sirann .v/^c^/tx of Uachtdlococcus, Uloth- 

 r'lx, Ih)f]iri/(liinn and CJiilonioiuis were fonnd dead after 

 tliawin.ii', in an experiment in which tlic 1eni])('rature of the 

 surroundings liad not drojjped l)elow - 1°. 



Kjellmanu (quoted from Bof. Ztg., .7.'), 771, 1875) re- 

 ported that some marine algae form and discharge swarm 

 spores when the sea temperature lies between -1.5° and 

 -1.8°. 



According to Wettstein {Sitztiiigsh. <L Wiener Al<a<J., .91, 

 33, 1885), the eonidia of BJiodomyces Kochii (a fungus 

 parasitic on man) are, for a large part, incapable of ger- 

 mination after having been exposed for 2 hours to - 7°. 



Smart (1935) found that some species of the fungi, De- 

 matium, Monilia, Oidinm and PenicUlium failed to grow 

 after one year at - 8.9°. Other species of PeniciUium, 

 however, did grow after the same treatment. 



According to Noack (1912), spores of fungi belonging to 

 the genera, Mucor, Tltcnnoascus, Thcrutoidunn , TJtermo- 

 myces, and Actinomyces, suspended in ha}' decoction in 

 test tubes, allowed to remain for several hours at room 

 temperature, and then exposed to -20° for 13 hours, did 

 not lose their germinating power. 



Teodoresco (1906) subjected the zoospores of DunaJieUa 

 (a Volvocinea) to temperatures down to -32°, in concen- 

 trated salt solutions (in which they are known to thrive). 

 Some of these organisms survived freezing at -28° to 

 -29° for one hour. However, since many of them were 

 killed l)y this treatment, Teodoresco thinks that only those 

 zoospores survived that were able to tind interstices be- 

 tween the crystals of the hard-frozen mass. 



Irmscher (1912) exposed water suspensions of moss 

 spores belonging to 4 genera to - 20° to - 21°, for 16 hours. 

 All of them germinated normally. In a second experiment 

 the spores of the same mosses were exposed, under the 

 same conditions, for 18 hours to - 32° to - 40°, after which 

 no germination occurred. 



