Troitskiy made valuable studies of the digestion and metabolism of small 

 children. His fundamental work is "The Study of Childhood Diseases" (1907). 



One of I. V. Troitskiy's pupils, P. P. Eminet (1907-191 1), made a thorough 

 study of age-associated changes of the sphygmogram in children (from 1 to 1 5 

 years of age) and the properties of the blood platelets in the growth period of 

 the organism and showed the marked toxicity of dyspeptic feces of year-old 

 children. 



The work of N. P. Gundobin (1891-1912) was very important in Russian 

 pediatrics. During the seven years that he was director of the Children's Acad- 

 emy Clinic, Gundobin established a major scientific trend in the study of the 

 anatomic-physiological characteristics of childhood and the peculiarities of 

 children's diseases. He and his pupils established more than 100 papers on age- 

 associated physiology and anatomy and on pediatrics. Gundobin generalized 

 the results of these investigations in his excellent monograph entitled "Char- 

 acteristics of Childhood. Basic Facts for the Study of Children's Diseases" 

 (1906). Gundobin's monograph was reprinted several times in Russia and 

 translated into foreign languages (the first German edition appeared in 1912). 



Gundobin provided a firm basis for his initial view as to the qualitative 

 singularity of the child organism: "In view of his anatomical, physiological, 

 and chemical characteristics, the infant differs sharply from the adult human 

 being and merits special study." 



Gundobin also wrote the excellent pediatrics textbook entitled "Upbring- 

 ing and Treatment of the Child up to the Age of Seven Years," which was 

 published three times: in 1907, 1909, and 1913. 



Gundobin's experimental work was directed to the study of the charac- 

 teristics of the digestion, the morphology and pathology of the blood, and higher 

 nervous activity in the child. Finally, he also wrote "General and Patricular 

 Therapy of Children's Diseases" (published in 1896, 1900, and 1907). 



A further development of Russian pediatric thought appeared in the form 

 of a two-volume monograph by N. V. Vyazemskiy entitled "Changes in the 

 Organism during the Period of Formation" (1901), in which the author gave 

 the results of the scientific investigations of that period in the fields of the 

 anatomy, physiology, psychology, and pathology of the child, adolescent, and 

 young adult (up to the age of 20 years). This book contains a detailed list of 

 the Russian and foreign literature in this field and also presents the extensive 

 material of Vyazemskiy's own observations, which are of considerable scien- 

 tific significance. 



During the 80's and 90's of the past century, the investigations of A. Ya. 

 Danilevskiy (1881-1891) provided the first contributions to Russian age-linked 

 biochemistry. 



Danilevskiy, who may be regarded as the founder of Russian biochemistry 

 in general, laid considerable stress, in his splendid works, on the study of proteins 

 as the basis of the vital process. It was his opinion that "protein is the basic 

 material for life on earth. There is no vital process in our organs in which a 

 protein compound does not take an active part in one way or another. Protein 

 is the instrument and carrier of our joys, sorrows, and thoughts. It also make? 



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