THE MOUNT DESERT EEGIOX 307 



Division II, Malacostega Levinsen, 1909 



Gemellariidae Busk, 1859 

 Gemellaria Van Beneden, 1845 



Gemellaeia loricata (Linnaeus), 1758. PI. 4, figs. 5-6; 

 pi. 7, fig. 1. (Osburn, 1912, p. 221, for synonymy, references, 

 and records; Wliiteaves, 1901, p. 91, for Canadian records.) 

 Common on hard bottoms, dredged at eighteen stations. The 

 species is circumpolar in distribution, extending southward 

 along coasts. In North American waters it occurs to a short 

 distance south of Cape Cod on the east coast and to Van- 

 couver Island on the west coast. 



It is a rather delicate, erect, flexible, and much-branched 

 species. The colony form seems to vary a good deal, some- 

 times being only a couple of inches high and rather shrubby 

 in appearance, under other conditions growing to a height 

 of 6 or 8 inches and more flexible. The individuals are placed 

 in pairs, back to back, a flattened membranous area occupies 

 a large part of the ventral side and there are no avicularia, 

 ooecia, or spines. (It may be noted here that in a variety, var. 

 cornuta Osburn, of this species from Hudson Bay the upper 

 outer corners of the zooecium are continued into short curved 

 processes.) 



Eucratiidae Hincks, 1880 

 Scruparia Oken, 1815 



ScRUPARiA clavata Hincks, 1857. PL 15, fig. 11. (Osburn, 

 1912, p. 221; Whiteaves, 1901, p. 92.) Not common, but 

 dredged at stations 27, 52, 93, 94, 135, 147, on hard sand 

 and hard mud bottoms, among algae, hydroids, and other 

 bryozoans. It ranges from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape 

 Cod and about the British Islands. 



A delicate branching form spreading among hydroids, deli- 

 cate seaweeds, etc. The individuals are in two series, back 

 to back and alternating. The reproductive individuals are 

 much reduced in size and the ooecium is perforated with 

 rather large pores. The zooecia are sometimes uniserial, or 

 the infertile zooecia may be so placed that the fertile zooecia 

 are back to back against them. 



